ORA-12528: TNS:listener: all appropriate instances are blocking new connections

knudwdbs1> rman auxiliary username/password@TNSALIAS

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Dec 28 15:52:05 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00554: initialization of internal recovery manager package failed
RMAN-04006: error from auxiliary database: ORA-12528: TNS:listener: all appropriate instances are blocking new connections


---------------

checking Listener Service using lsnrctl status, also shows All the service with instance with status 'BLOCKED'.


lsnrctl status
===============

Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "DBSiteA.qvcuk.local" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "DBUAT1", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "standby.qvcuk.local" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "DBUAT1", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully


Solution

This is because instance is STARTED status, To fix the update the listener.ora file with static registration for the instance.

-------- listner.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = DBUAT_SiteA)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/dbhome_1)
      (SID_NAME = DBUAT1)
    )
)

lsnrctl reload
lsnrctl status

Service "DBUAT_SiteA" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "DBUAT1", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully


Reload listener and check status, as its status registration , Service DBUAT_siteA with instance in unknown status added to listener.


Once the status is UNKNOWN for the instance you should be able to connect.

NFS Mount Issue ORA-27054

Error/Issue:

Database unable to use/create file on NFS mount point faild with following Error:
ORA-27054: NFS file system where the file is created or resides is not mounted with correct options
Additional information: 5
Tue Oct 02 11:20:42 2012
WARNING: NFS file system /oracle_mnt not mounted with correct options
WARNING:Expected NFS mount options: rsize>=32768,wsize>=32768,hard,
WARNING: NFS file system /oracle_mnt not mounted with correct options
WARNING:Expected NFS mount options: rsize>=32768,wsize>=32768,hard,
WARNING: NFS file system /oracle_mnt not mounted with correct options
WARNING:Expected NFS mount options: rsize>=32768,wsize>=32768,hard,
ORA-205 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT...

Problem: 

In the above case , NFS was mounted with default rsize and wsize option and oracle doesn't like any NFS mount write/read size values (wsize) less than 32k.

AIX  /etc/filesystems etntry :

/oracle_mnt:

        dev = /DBA

        mount = true

        vfs = nfs

        nodename = server_name or IP

        options = rw,sort

        type = nfs_mount

which is clearly written to alert.log file with Warning message. 

Solution :

Mount the NFS with correct option , high lighted in the Warning message.  Entry updated to following fixed the problem.

/oracle_mnt:

        dev = /DBA

        mount = true

        vfs = nfs

        nodename = server_name or IP

        options = rw,hard,rsize=32768,wsize=32768

        type = nfs_mount

       

Oracle recommend options are 

rw,bg,hard,nointr,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,tcp,actimeo=0,vers=3,timeo=600

for details Pls refer to 

3.2.6 Checking NFS Mount and Buffer Size Parameters for Oracle Clusterware

Link http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e22489/storage.htm#CWLIN272

Oracle 11g Database Hidden Parameters

Parameter	Value	Description
_4030_dump_bitvec	4095	bitvec to specify dumps prior to 4030 error
_4031_dump_bitvec	67194879	bitvec to specify dumps prior to 4031 error
_4031_dump_interval	300	Dump 4031 error once for each n-second interval
_4031_max_dumps	100	Maximum number of 4031 dumps for this process
_4031_sga_dump_interval	3600	Dump 4031 SGA heapdump error once for each n-second interval
_4031_sga_max_dumps	10	Maximum number of SGA heapdumps
_NUMA_instance_mapping	Not specified	Set of nodes that this instance should run on
_NUMA_pool_size	Not specified	aggregate size in bytes of NUMA pool
_PX_use_large_pool	FALSE	Use Large Pool as source of PX buffers
__db_cache_size	11676942336	Actual size of DEFAULT buffer pool for standard block size buffers
__dg_broker_service_names		service names for broker use
__java_pool_size	67108864	Actual size in bytes of java pool
__large_pool_size	67108864	Actual size in bytes of large pool
__oracle_base	/u01/app/oracle	ORACLE_BASE
__pga_aggregate_target	7516192768	Current target size for the aggregate PGA memory consumed
__sga_target	13958643712	Actual size of SGA
__shared_io_pool_size	0	Actual size of shared IO pool
__shared_pool_size	2013265920	Actual size in bytes of shared pool
__streams_pool_size	0	Actual size in bytes of streams pool
_abort_recovery_on_join	FALSE	if TRUE, abort recovery on join reconfigurations
_accept_versions		List of parameters for rolling operation
_active_instance_count		number of active instances in the cluster database
_active_session_idle_limit	5	active session idle limit
_active_session_legacy_behavior	FALSE	active session legacy behavior
_active_standby_fast_reconfiguration	TRUE	if TRUE optimize dlm reconfiguration for active/standby OPS
_adaptive_direct_read	TRUE	Adaptive Direct Read
_adaptive_direct_write	TRUE	Adaptive Direct Write
_adaptive_fetch_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable adaptive fetch in parallel group by
_adaptive_log_file_sync_high_switch_freq_threshold	3	Threshold for frequent log file sync mode switches (per minute)
_adaptive_log_file_sync_poll_aggressiveness	0	Polling interval selection bias (conservative=0, aggressive=100)
_adaptive_log_file_sync_sched_delay_window	60	Window (in seconds) for measuring average scheduling delay
_adaptive_log_file_sync_use_polling_threshold	200	Ratio of redo synch time to expected poll time as a percentage
_adaptive_log_file_sync_use_postwait_threshold	50	Percentage of foreground load from when post/wait was last used
_add_col_optim_enabled	TRUE	Allows new add column optimization
_add_stale_mv_to_dependency_list	TRUE	add stale mv to dependency list
_add_trim_for_nlssort	TRUE	add trimming for fixed char semantics
_addm_auto_enable	TRUE	governs whether ADDM gets run automatically after every AWR snapshot
_addm_skiprules		comma-separated list of ADDM nodes to skip
_addm_version_check	TRUE	governs whether ADDM checks the input AWR snapshot version
_adjust_literal_replacement	FALSE	If TRUE, we will adjust the SQL/PLUS output
_adr_migrate_runonce	TRUE	Enable/disable ADR Migrate Runonce action
_affinity_on	TRUE	enable/disable affinity at run time
_aged_out_cursor_cache_time	300	number of seconds an aged out session cached cursor stay in cache
_aggregation_optimization_settings	0	settings for aggregation optimizations
_aiowait_timeouts	100	Number of aiowait timeouts before error is reported
_alert_expiration	604800	seconds before an alert message is moved to exception queue
_alert_message_cleanup	1	Enable Alert Message Cleanup
_alert_message_purge	1	Enable Alert Message Purge
_alert_post_background	1	Enable Background Alert Posting
_all_shared_dblinks		treat all dblinks as shared
_allocate_creation_order	FALSE	should files be examined in creation order during allocation
_allocation_update_interval	3	interval at which successful search in L1 should be updated
_allow_cell_smart_scan_attr	TRUE	Allow checking smart_scan_capable Attr
_allow_commutativity	TRUE	allow for commutativity of +, * when comparing expressions
_allow_compatibility_adv_w_grp	FALSE	allow advancing DB compatibility with guaranteed restore points
_allow_drop_snapshot_standby_grsp	FALSE	Allow dropping snapshot standby guaranteed restore point
_allow_drop_ts_with_grp	FALSE	Allow drop Tablespace with guaranteed restore points
_allow_error_simulation	FALSE	Allow error simulation for testing
_allow_level_without_connect_by	FALSE	allow level without connect by
_allow_read_only_corruption	FALSE	allow read-only open even if database is corrupt
_allow_resetlogs_corruption	FALSE	allow resetlogs even if it will cause corruption
_allow_terminal_recovery_corruption	FALSE	Finish terminal recovery even if it may cause corruption
_alternate_iot_leaf_block_split_points	TRUE	enable alternate index-organized table leaf-block split-points
_always_anti_join	CHOOSE	always use this method for anti-join when possible
_always_semi_join	CHOOSE	always use this method for semi-join when possible
_always_star_transformation	FALSE	always favor use of star transformation
_and_pruning_enabled	TRUE	allow partition pruning based on multiple mechanisms
_app_ctx_vers	FALSE	enable app ctx versioning
_appqos_qt	10	System Queue time retrieval interval
_aq_max_scan_delay	1500	Maximum allowable scan delay for AQ indexes and IOTs
_aq_tm_deqcountinterval	0	dequeue count interval for Time Managers to cleanup DEQ IOT BLOCKS
_aq_tm_scanlimit	0	scan limit for Time Managers to clean up IOT
_aq_tm_statistics_duration	0	statistics collection window duration
_arch_comp_dbg_scan	0	archive compression scan debug
_arch_comp_dec_block_check_dump	1	decompress archive compression blocks for checking and dumping
_arch_compress_checksums	FALSE	enable/disable row checksums for archive compressed blocks
_arch_compression	TRUE	archive compression enabled
_arch_io_slaves	0	ARCH I/O slaves
_arch_sim_mode	0	Change behavior of local archiving
_array_update_vector_read_enabled	FALSE	Enable array update vector read
_ash_compression_enable	TRUE	To enable or disable string compression in ASH
_ash_disk_filter_ratio	10	Ratio of the number of in-memory samples to the number of samples actually written to disk
_ash_disk_write_enable	TRUE	To enable or disable Active Session History flushing
_ash_dummy_test_param	0	Oracle internal dummy ASH parameter used ONLY for testing!
_ash_eflush_trigger	66	The percentage above which if the in-memory ASH is full the emergency flusher will be triggered
_ash_enable	TRUE	To enable or disable Active Session sampling and flushing
_ash_min_mmnl_dump	90	Minimum Time interval passed to consider MMNL Dump
_ash_sample_all	FALSE	To enable or disable sampling every connected session including ones waiting for idle waits
_ash_sampling_interval	1000	Time interval between two successive Active Session samples in millisecs
_ash_size	1048618	To set the size of the in-memory Active Session History buffers
_asm_acd_chunks	1	initial ACD chunks created
_asm_admin_with_sysdba	FALSE	Does the sysdba role have administrative privileges on ASM?
_asm_allow_appliance_dropdisk_noforce	FALSE	Allow DROP DISK/FAILUREGROUP NOFORCE on ASM Appliances
_asm_allow_lvm_resilvering	TRUE	Enable disk resilvering for external redundancy
_asm_allow_only_raw_disks	TRUE	Discovery only raw devices
_asm_allow_system_alias_rename	FALSE	if system alias renaming is allowed
_asm_appliance_config_file		Appliance configuration file name
_asm_ausize	1048576	allocation unit size
_asm_automatic_rezone	TRUE	automatically rebalance free space across zones
_asm_avoid_pst_scans	TRUE	Avoid PST Scans
_asm_blksize	4096	metadata block size
_asm_check_for_misbehaving_cf_clients	FALSE	check for misbehaving CF-holding clients
_asm_compatibility	10.1	default ASM compatibility level
_asm_dba_batch	500000	ASM Disk Based Allocation Max Batch Size
_asm_dba_threshold	0	ASM Disk Based Allocation Threshold
_asm_dbmsdg_nohdrchk	FALSE	dbms_diskgroup.checkfile does not check block headers
_asm_diag_dead_clients	FALSE	diagnostics for dead clients
_asm_direct_con_expire_time	120	Expire time for idle direct connection to ASM instance
_asm_disable_amdu_dump	FALSE	Disable AMDU dump
_asm_disable_async_msgs	FALSE	disable async intra-instance messaging
_asm_disable_multiple_instance_check	FALSE	Disable checking for multiple ASM instances on a given node
_asm_disable_profilediscovery	FALSE	disable profile query for discovery
_asm_disable_smr_creation	FALSE	Do Not create smr
_asm_disk_repair_time	14400	seconds to wait before dropping a failing disk
_asm_emulate_nfs_disk	FALSE	Emulate NFS disk test event
_asm_emulmax	10000	max number of concurrent disks to emulate I/O errors
_asm_emultimeout	0	timeout before emulation begins (in 3s ticks)
_asm_evenread	0	ASM Even Read level
_asm_evenread_alpha	0	ASM Even Read Alpha
_asm_evenread_alpha2	0	ASM Even Read Second Alpha
_asm_evenread_faststart	0	ASM Even Read Fast Start Threshold
_asm_fail_random_rx	FALSE	Randomly fail some RX enqueue gets
_asm_fob_tac_frequency	9	Timeout frequency for FOB cleanup
_asm_force_quiesce	FALSE	Force diskgroup quiescing
_asm_hbeatiowait	15	number of secs to wait for PST Async Hbeat IO return
_asm_hbeatwaitquantum	2	quantum used to compute time-to-wait for a PST Hbeat check
_asm_imbalance_tolerance	3	hundredths of a percentage of inter-disk imbalance to tolerate
_asm_instlock_quota	0	ASM Instance Lock Quota
_asm_iostat_latch_count	31	ASM I/O statistics latch count
_asm_kfdpevent	0	KFDP event
_asm_kfioevent	0	KFIO event
_asm_kill_unresponsive_clients	TRUE	kill unresponsive ASM clients
_asm_libraries	ufs	library search order for discovery
_asm_log_scale_rebalance	FALSE	Rebalance power uses logarithmic scale
_asm_lsod_bucket_size	13	ASM lsod bucket size
_asm_max_cod_strides	5	maximum number of COD strides
_asm_max_redo_buffer_size	2097152	asm maximum redo buffer size
_asm_maxio	1048576	Maximum size of individual I/O request
_asm_partner_target_disk_part	8	target maximum number of disk partners for repartnering
_asm_partner_target_fg_rel	4	target maximum number of failure group relationships for repartnering
_asm_primary_load	1	Number of cycles/extents to load for non-mirrored files
_asm_primary_load_cycles	TRUE	True if primary load is in cycles, false if extent counts
_asm_random_zone	FALSE	Random zones for new files
_asm_rebalance_plan_size	120	maximum rebalance work unit
_asm_rebalance_space_errors	4	number of out of space errors allowed before aborting rebalance
_asm_repairquantum	60	quantum (in 3s) used to compute elapsed time for disk drop
_asm_reserve_slaves	TRUE	reserve ASM slaves for CF txns
_asm_root_directory	ASM	ASM default root directory
_asm_runtime_capability_volume_support	FALSE	runtime capability for volume support returns supported
_asm_secondary_load	10000	Number of cycles/extents to load for mirrored files
_asm_secondary_load_cycles	FALSE	True if secondary load is in cycles, false if extent counts
_asm_serialize_volume_rebalance	FALSE	Serialize volume rebalance
_asm_shadow_cycle	3	Inverse shadow cycle requirement
_asm_skip_rename_check	FALSE	skip the checking of the clients for s/w compatibility for rename
_asm_skip_resize_check	FALSE	skip the checking of the clients for s/w compatibility for resize
_asm_storagemaysplit	FALSE	PST Split Possible
_asm_stripesize	131072	ASM file stripe size
_asm_stripewidth	8	ASM file stripe width
_asm_sync_rebalance	FALSE	Rebalance uses sync I/O
_asm_usd_batch	64	ASM USD Update Max Batch Size
_asm_wait_time	18	Max/imum time to wait before asmb exits
_asmlib_test	0	Osmlib test event
_asmsid	asm	ASM instance id
_assm_default	TRUE	ASSM default
_assm_force_fetchmeta	FALSE	enable metadata block fetching in ASSM segment scan
_assm_high_gsp_threshold	11024	Number of blocks rejected before growing segment
_assm_low_gsp_threshold	10000	Number of blocks rejected before collecting stats
_async_recovery_claims	TRUE	if TRUE, issue recovery claims asynchronously
_async_recovery_reads	TRUE	if TRUE, issue recovery reads asynchronously
_async_ts_threshold	1	check tablespace thresholds asynchronously
_auto_assign_cg_for_sessions	FALSE	auto assign CGs for sessions
_auto_bmr	enabled	enable/disable Auto BMR
_auto_bmr_bg_time	3600	Auto BMR Process Run Time
_auto_bmr_fc_time	60	Auto BMR Flood Control Time
_auto_bmr_pub_timeout	10	Auto BMR Publish Timeout
_auto_bmr_req_timeout	60	Auto BMR Requester Timeout
_auto_bmr_sess_threshold	30	Auto BMR Request Session Threshold
_auto_bmr_sys_threshold	100	Auto BMR Request System Threshold
_auto_manage_enable_offline_check	TRUE	perodically check for OFFLINE disks and attempt to ONLINE
_auto_manage_exadata_disks	TRUE	Automate Exadata disk management
_auto_manage_infreq_tout	0	TEST: Set infrequent timeout action to run at this interval, unit is seconds
_auto_manage_ioctl_bufsz	8192	oss_ioctl buffer size, to read and respond to cell notifications
_auto_manage_max_online_tries	3	Max. attempts to auto ONLINE an ASM disk
_auto_manage_num_pipe_msgs	1000	Max. number of out-standing msgs in the KXDAM pipe
_auto_manage_num_tries	2	Num. tries before giving up on a automation operation
_auto_manage_online_tries_expire_time	86400	Allow Max. attempts to auto ONLINE an ASM disk after lapsing this time (unit in seconds)
_automatic_maintenance_test	0	Enable AUTOTASK Test Mode
_automemory_broker_interval	3	memory broker statistics gathering interval for auto memory
_autotask_max_window	480	Maximum Logical Maintenance Window Length in minutes
_autotask_min_window	15	Minimum Maintenance Window Length in minutes
_autotune_gtx_idle_time	600	idle time to trigger auto-shutdown a gtx background process
_autotune_gtx_interval	5	interval to autotune global transaction background processes
_autotune_gtx_threshold	60	auto-tune threshold for degree of global transaction concurrency
_available_core_count	0	number of cores for this instance
_avoid_prepare	TRUE	if TRUE, do not prepare a buffer when the master is local
_awr_corrupt_mode	FALSE	AWR Corrupt Mode
_awr_disabled_flush_tables		Disable flushing of specified AWR tables
_awr_flush_threshold_metrics	TRUE	Enable/Disable Flushing AWR Threshold Metrics
_awr_flush_workload_metrics	FALSE	Enable/Disable Flushing AWR Workload Metrics
_awr_mmon_cpuusage	TRUE	Enable/disable AWR MMON CPU Usage Tracking
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_extent	7	Set extent of rows to check each deep purge run
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_interval	7	Set interval for deep purge of AWR contents
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_numrows	5000	Set max number of rows per table to delete each deep purge run
_awr_restrict_mode	FALSE	AWR Restrict Mode
_awr_sql_child_limit	200	Setting for AWR SQL Child Limit
_b_tree_bitmap_plans	TRUE	enable the use of bitmap plans for tables w. only B-tree indexes
_backup_align_write_io	TRUE	align backup write I/Os
_backup_automatic_retry	10	automatic retry on backup write errors
_backup_disk_bufcnt	0	number of buffers used for DISK channels
_backup_disk_bufsz	0	size of buffers used for DISK channels
_backup_disk_io_slaves	0	BACKUP Disk I/O slaves
_backup_dynamic_buffers	TRUE	dynamically compute backup/restore buffer sizes
_backup_encrypt_opt_mode	4294967294	specifies encryption block optimization mode
_backup_file_bufcnt	0	number of buffers used for file access
_backup_file_bufsz	0	size of buffers used for file access
_backup_io_pool_size	1048576	memory to reserve from the large pool
_backup_kgc_blksiz	9	specifies buffer size to be used by HIGH compression
_backup_kgc_bufsz	0	specifies buffer size to be used by BASIC compression
_backup_kgc_memlevel	8	specifies memory level for MEDIUM compression
_backup_kgc_niters	0	specifies number of iterations done by BASIC compression
_backup_kgc_perflevel	1	specifies compression (performance) level for MEDIUM compression
_backup_kgc_scheme	ZLIB	specifies compression scheme
_backup_kgc_type	0	specifies compression type used by kgc BASIC compression
_backup_kgc_windowbits	15	specifies window size for MEDIUM compression
_backup_ksfq_bufcnt	0	number of buffers used for backup/restore
_backup_ksfq_bufcnt_max	64	maximum number of buffers used for backup/restore
_backup_ksfq_bufsz	0	size of buffers used for backup/restore
_backup_lzo_size	262144	specifies buffer size for LOW compression
_backup_max_gap_size	4294967294	largest gap in an incremental/optimized backup buffer, in bytes
_backup_seq_bufcnt	0	number of buffers used for non-DISK channels
_backup_seq_bufsz	0	size of buffers used for non-DISK channels
_bct_bitmaps_per_file	8	number of bitmaps to store for each datafile
_bct_buffer_allocation_max	104857600	maximum size of all change tracking buffer allocations, in bytes
_bct_buffer_allocation_min_extents	1	mininum number of extents to allocate per buffer allocation
_bct_buffer_allocation_size	2097152	size of one change tracking buffer allocation, in bytes
_bct_chunk_size	0	change tracking datafile chunk size, in bytes
_bct_crash_reserve_size	262144	change tracking reserved crash recovery SGA space, in bytes
_bct_file_block_size	0	block size of change tracking file, in bytes
_bct_file_extent_size	0	extent size of change tracking file, in bytes
_bct_fixtab_file		change tracking file for fixed tables
_bct_health_check_interval	60	CTWR health check interval (seconds), zero to disable
_bct_initial_private_dba_buffer_size	0	initial number of entries in the private change tracking dba buffers
_bct_public_dba_buffer_size	0	total size of all public change tracking dba buffers, in bytes
_bitmap_or_improvement_enabled	TRUE	controls extensions to partition pruning for general predicates
_block_sample_readahead_prob_threshold	10	controls readahead value during block sampling
_blocking_sess_graph_cache_size		blocking session graph cache size in bytes
_blocks_per_cache_server	32	number of consecutive blocks per global cache server
_bloom_filter_debug	0	debug level for bloom filtering
_bloom_filter_enabled	TRUE	enables or disables bloom filter
_bloom_folding_density	16	bloom filter folding density lower bound
_bloom_folding_enabled	TRUE	Enable folding of bloom filter
_bloom_folding_min	131072	bloom filter folding size lower bound
_bloom_max_size	268435456	bloom filter maximum size in bytes
_bloom_minmax_enabled	TRUE	enable or disable bloom min max filtering
_bloom_predicate_enabled	TRUE	enables or disables bloom filter predicate pushdown
_bloom_predicate_pushdown_to_storage	TRUE	enables or disables bloom filter predicate pushdown to storage
_bloom_pruning_enabled	TRUE	Enable partition pruning using bloom filtering
_bloom_pushing_max	512	bloom filter pushing size upper bound
_bloom_pushing_total_max	262144	bloom filter combined pushing size (DOP x filter size) upper bound
_bloom_vector_elements	0	number of elements in a bloom filter vector
_bmr_prefered_standby		standby db_unique_name prefered for standby BMR
_branch_tagging	TRUE	enable branch tagging for distributed transaction
_broadcast_scn_wait_timeout	10	broadcast-on-commit scn wait timeout in centiseconds
_bsln_adaptive_thresholds_enabled	TRUE	Adaptive Thresholds Enabled
_bt_mmv_query_rewrite_enabled	TRUE	allow rewrites with multiple MVs and base tables
_buffer_busy_wait_timeout	100	buffer busy wait time in centiseconds
_buffered_message_spill_age	300	Buffered message spill age
_buffered_publisher_flow_control_threshold	0	Flow control threshold for buffered publishers except capture
_bufq_stop_flow_control	FALSE	Stop enforcing flow control for buffered queues
_build_deferred_mv_skipping_mvlog_update	TRUE	DEFERRED MV creation skipping MV log setup update
_bump_highwater_mark_count	0	how many blocks should we allocate per free list on advancing HWM
_bwr_for_flushed_pi	TRUE	if TRUE, generate a BWR for a flushed PI
_bypass_srl_for_so_eor	FALSE	bypass SRL for S/O EOR logs
_bypass_xplatform_error	FALSE	bypass datafile header cross-platform-compliance errors
_cache_stats_monitor	FALSE	if TRUE, enable cache stats monitoring
_capture_buffer_size	65536	To set the size of the PGA I/O recording buffers
_capture_publisher_flow_control_threshold	0	Flow control threshold for capture publishers
_case_sensitive_logon	TRUE	case sensitive logon enabled
_causal_standby_wait_timeout	20	Causal standby wait timeout
_cdc_subscription_owner		Change Data Capture subscription_owner
_cdmp_diagnostic_level	2	cdmp directory diagnostic level
_cell_fast_file_create	TRUE	Allow optimized file creation path for Cells
_cell_fast_file_restore	TRUE	Allow optimized rman restore for Cells
_cell_file_format_chunk_size	0	Cell file format chunk size in MB
_cell_index_scan_enabled	TRUE	enable CELL processing of index FFS
_cell_offload_capabilities_enabled	1	specifies capability table to load
_cell_offload_hybridcolumnar	TRUE	Query offloading of hybrid columnar compressed tables to exadata
_cell_offload_predicate_reordering_enabled	FALSE	enable out-of-order SQL processing offload to cells
_cell_offload_timezone	TRUE	enable timezone related SQL processing offload to cells
_cell_offload_virtual_columns	TRUE	enable offload of predicates on virtual columns to cells
_cell_range_scan_enabled	TRUE	enable CELL processing of index range scans
_cell_storidx_mode	EVA	Cell Storage Index mode
_cgs_allgroup_poll_time	20000	CGS DBALL group polling interval in milli-seconds
_cgs_dball_group_registration	local	CGS DBALL group registration type
_cgs_dbgroup_poll_time	600	CGS DB group polling interval in milli-seconds
_cgs_health_check_in_reconfig	TRUE	CGS health check during reconfiguration
_cgs_node_kill_escalation	TRUE	CGS node kill escalation to CSS
_cgs_node_kill_escalation_wait	0	CGS wait time to escalate node kill to CSS in seconds
_cgs_reconfig_extra_wait	3	CGS reconfiguration extra wait time for CSS in seconds
_cgs_reconfig_timeout	0	CGS reconfiguration timeout interval
_cgs_send_timeout	300	CGS send timeout value
_cgs_tickets	1000	CGS messaging tickets
_cgs_zombie_member_kill_wait	20	CGS zombie member kill wait time in seconds
_change_vector_buffers	1	Number of change vector buffers for media recovery
_check_block_after_checksum	TRUE	perform block check after checksum if both are turned on
_check_block_new_invariant_for_flashback	FALSE	check block new invariant for flashback
_check_column_length	TRUE	check column length
_check_ts_threshold	0	check tablespace thresholds
_cleanup_rollback_entries	100	no. of undo entries to apply per transaction cleanup
_cleanup_timeout	150	timeout value for PMON cleanup
_cleanup_timeout_flags	2	flags for PMON cleanup timeout
_clear_buffer_before_reuse	FALSE	Always zero-out buffer before reuse for security
_client_ntfn_cleanup_interval	2400	interval after which dead client registration cleanup task repeats
_client_ntfn_pinginterval	75	time between pings to unreachable notification clients
_client_ntfn_pingretries	6	number of times to ping unreachable notification clients
_client_ntfn_pingtimeout	30000	timeout to connect to unreachable notification clients
_client_result_cache_bypass	FALSE	bypass the client result cache
_client_tstz_error_check	TRUE	Should Client give error for suspect Timestamp with Timezone operations
_close_cached_open_cursors	FALSE	close cursors cached by PL/SQL at each commit
_close_deq_by_cond_curs	FALSE	Close Dequeue By Condition Cursors
_cluster_library	clss	cluster library selection
_clusterwide_global_transactions	TRUE	enable/disable clusterwide global transactions
_collapse_wait_history	FALSE	collapse wait history
_collect_undo_stats	TRUE	Collect Statistics v$undostat
_column_compression_factor	0	Column compression ratio
_column_elimination_off	FALSE	turn off predicate-only column elimination
_column_tracking_level	1	column usage tracking
_compilation_call_heap_extent_size	16384	Size of the compilation call heaps extents
_complex_view_merging	TRUE	enable complex view merging
_compression_above_cache	0	number of recompression above cache for sanity check
_compression_advisor	0	Compression advisor
_compression_chain	90	percentage of chained rows allowed for Compression
_compression_compatibility	11.2.0.3.0	Compression compatability
_connect_by_use_union_all	TRUE	use union all for connect by
_connection_broker_host		connection broker host for listen address
_controlfile_autobackup_delay	300	time delay (in seconds) for performing controlfile autobackups
_controlfile_backup_copy_check	TRUE	enable check of the copied blocks during controlfile backup copy
_controlfile_block_size	0	control file block size in bytes
_controlfile_enqueue_dump	FALSE	dump the system states after controlfile enqueue timeout
_controlfile_enqueue_holding_time	120	control file enqueue max holding time in seconds
_controlfile_enqueue_holding_time_tracking_size	10	control file enqueue holding time tracking size
_controlfile_enqueue_timeout	900	control file enqueue timeout in seconds
_controlfile_section_init_size		control file initial section size
_controlfile_section_max_expand		control file max expansion rate
_controlfile_update_check	OFF	controlfile update sanity check
_convert_set_to_join	FALSE	enables conversion of set operator to join
_coord_message_buffer	0	parallel recovery coordinator side extra message buffer size
_corrupted_rollback_segments		corrupted undo segment list
_cost_equality_semi_join	TRUE	enables costing of equality semi-join
_cp_num_hash_latches	1	connection pool number of hash latches
_cpu_to_io	0	divisor for converting CPU cost to I/O cost
_cr_grant_global_role	TRUE	if TRUE, grant lock for CR requests when block is in global role
_cr_grant_local_role	AUTO	turn 3-way CR grants off, make it automatic, or turn it on
_cr_grant_only	FALSE	if TRUE, grant locks when possible and do not send the block
_cr_server_log_flush	TRUE	if TRUE, flush redo log before serving a CR buffer
_cr_trc_buf_size	8192	size of cr trace buffer
_create_table_in_any_cluster	FALSE	allow creation of table in a cluster not owned by the user
_cursor_bind_capture_area_size	400	maximum size of the cursor bind capture area
_cursor_bind_capture_interval	900	interval (in seconds) between two bind capture for a cursor
_cursor_cache_time	900	number of seconds a session cached cursor stay in cache.
_cursor_db_buffers_pinned	880	additional number of buffers a cursor can pin at once
_cursor_features_enabled	2	Shared cursor features enabled bits.
_cursor_obsolete_threshold	100	Number of cursors per parent before obsoletion.
_cursor_plan_enabled	TRUE	enable collection and display of cursor plans
_cursor_plan_hash_version	1	version of cursor plan hash value
_cursor_plan_unparse_enabled	TRUE	enables/disables using unparse to build projection/predicates
_cursor_runtimeheap_memlimit	5242880	Shared cursor runtime heap memory limit
_cursor_stats_enabled	TRUE	Enable cursor stats
_cvw_enable_weak_checking	TRUE	enable weak view checking
_datafile_cow	FALSE	Use copy on write snapshot for the renamed file
_datafile_write_errors_crash_instance	TRUE	datafile write errors crash instance
_db_16k_flash_cache_file		flash cache file for 16k block size
_db_16k_flash_cache_size	0	flash cache size for _db_16k_flash_cache_file
_db_2k_flash_cache_file		flash cache file for 2k block size
_db_2k_flash_cache_size	0	flash cache size for _db_2k_flash_cache_file
_db_32k_flash_cache_file		flash cache file for 32k block size
_db_32k_flash_cache_size	0	flash cache size for _db_32k_flash_cache_file
_db_4k_flash_cache_file		flash cache file for 4k block size
_db_4k_flash_cache_size	0	flash cache size for _db_4k_flash_cache_file
_db_8k_flash_cache_file		flash cache file for 8k block size
_db_8k_flash_cache_size	0	flash cache size for _db_8k_flash_cache_file
_db_aging_cool_count	1	Touch count set when buffer cooled
_db_aging_freeze_cr	FALSE	Make CR buffers always be too cold to keep in cache
_db_aging_hot_criteria	2	Touch count which sends a buffer to head of replacement list
_db_aging_stay_count	0	Touch count set when buffer moved to head of replacement list
_db_aging_touch_time	3	Touch count which sends a buffer to head of replacement list
_db_always_check_system_ts	TRUE	Always perform block check and checksum for System tablespace
_db_block_adjcheck	TRUE	adjacent cache buffer checks - low blkchk overwrite parameter
_db_block_adjchk_level	0	adjacent cache buffer check level
_db_block_align_direct_read	TRUE	Align Direct Reads
_db_block_bad_write_check	FALSE	enable bad write checks
_db_block_buffers	1323000	Number of database blocks cached in memory: hidden parameter
_db_block_cache_clone	FALSE	Always clone data blocks on get (for debugging)
_db_block_cache_history	0	buffer header tracing (non-zero only when debugging)
_db_block_cache_history_level	2	buffer header tracing level
_db_block_cache_num_umap	0	number of unmapped buffers (for tracking swap calls on blocks)
_db_block_cache_protect	FALSE	protect database blocks (true only when debugging)
_db_block_cache_protect_internal	0	protect database blocks (for strictly internal use only)
_db_block_check_for_debug	FALSE	Check more and dump block before image for debugging
_db_block_check_objtyp	TRUE	check objd and typ on cache disk read
_db_block_chunkify_ncmbr	FALSE	chunkify noncontig multi block reads
_db_block_corruption_recovery_threshold	5	threshold number of block recovery attempts
_db_block_do_full_mbreads	FALSE	do full block read even if some blocks are in cache
_db_block_hash_buckets	4194304	Number of database block hash buckets
_db_block_hash_latches	131072	Number of database block hash latches
_db_block_header_guard_level	0	number of extra buffer headers to use as guard pages
_db_block_hi_priority_batch_size	0	Fraction of writes for high priority reasons
_db_block_known_clean_pct	2	Initial Percentage of buffers to maintain known clean
_db_block_lru_latches	128	number of lru latches
_db_block_max_cr_dba	6	Maximum Allowed Number of CR buffers per dba
_db_block_max_scan_pct	40	Percentage of buffers to inspect when looking for free
_db_block_med_priority_batch_size	0	Fraction of writes for medium priority reasons
_db_block_numa	1	Number of NUMA nodes
_db_block_prefetch_fast_longjumps_enabled	TRUE	Batched IO enable fast longjumps
_db_block_prefetch_limit	0	Prefetch limit in blocks
_db_block_prefetch_override	0	Prefetch force override in blocks
_db_block_prefetch_private_cache_enabled	TRUE	Batched IO enable private cache
_db_block_prefetch_quota	10	Prefetch quota as a percent of cache size
_db_block_prefetch_skip_reading_enabled	TRUE	Batched IO enable skip reading buffers
_db_block_table_scan_buffer_size	4194304	Size of shared table scan read buffer
_db_block_temp_redo	FALSE	generate redo for temp blocks
_db_block_trace_protect	FALSE	trace buffer protect calls
_db_block_vlm_check	FALSE	check of rvlm mapping leaks (for debugging)
_db_block_vlm_leak_threshold	3	Threshold for allowable vlm leaks
_db_blocks_per_hash_latch		Number of blocks per hash latch
_db_cache_advice_max_size_factor	2	cache advisory maximum multiple of current size to similate
_db_cache_advice_sample_factor	4	cache advisory sampling factor
_db_cache_advice_sanity_check	FALSE	cache simulation sanity check
_db_cache_block_read_stack_trace	0	dump short call stack for block reads
_db_cache_crx_check	FALSE	check for costly crx examination functions
_db_cache_miss_check_les	FALSE	check LEs after cache miss
_db_cache_mman_latch_check	FALSE	check for wait latch get under MMAN ops in kcb
_db_cache_pre_warm	TRUE	Buffer Cache Pre-Warm Enabled : hidden parameter
_db_cache_process_cr_pin_max		maximum number of cr pins a process may have
_db_cache_wait_debug	0	trace new kslwaits
_db_change_notification_enable	TRUE	enable db change notification
_db_check_cell_hints	FALSE
_db_disable_temp_encryption	FALSE	Disable Temp Encryption for Spills
_db_dump_from_disk_noefc	0	dump reading buffer contents
_db_fast_obj_check	FALSE	enable fast object drop sanity check
_db_fast_obj_ckpt	TRUE	enable fast object checkpoint
_db_fast_obj_truncate	TRUE	enable fast object truncate
_db_file_direct_io_count	1048576	Sequential I/O buf size
_db_file_exec_read_count	128	multiblock read count for regular clients
_db_file_format_io_buffers	4	Block formatting I/O buf count
_db_file_noncontig_mblock_read_count	11	number of noncontiguous db blocks to be prefetched
_db_file_optimizer_read_count	8	multiblock read count for regular clients
_db_flash_cache_force_replenish_limit	8	Flash cache force replenish lower limit in buffers
_db_flash_cache_keep_limit	1342177280	Flash cache keep buffer upper limit in percentage
_db_flash_cache_write_limit	16777216	Flash cache write buffer upper limit in percentage
_db_flashback_iobuf_size	1	Flashback IO Buffer Size
_db_flashback_log_min_size	16777216	Minimum flashback database log size in bytes
_db_flashback_log_min_total_space	0	Minimum flashback database log total space in bytes
_db_flashback_num_iobuf	32	Flashback Number of IO buffers
_db_handles	12000	System-wide simultaneous buffer operations
_db_handles_cached	8	Buffer handles cached each process
_db_hot_block_tracking	FALSE	track hot blocks for hash latch contention
_db_index_block_checking	TRUE	index block checking override parameter
_db_initial_cachesize_create_mb	256	size of cache created at startup
_db_l2_tracing	0	flash cache debug tracing
_db_large_dirty_queue	25	Number of buffers which force dirty queue to be written
_db_lost_write_checking	0	Enable scn based lost write detection mechanism
_db_lost_write_tracing	FALSE	Enable _db_lost_write_checking tracing
_db_mttr_advice	ON	MTTR advisory
_db_mttr_partitions	0	number of partitions for MTTR advisory
_db_mttr_sample_factor	64	MTTR simulation sampling factor
_db_mttr_sim_target		MTTR simulation targets
_db_mttr_sim_trace_size	256	MTTR simulation trace size
_db_mttr_trace_to_alert	FALSE	dump trace entries to alert file
_db_noarch_disble_optim	FALSE	Image redo logging (NOARCHIVEMODE)
_db_num_evict_waitevents	64	number of evict wait events
_db_obj_enable_ksr	TRUE	enable ksr in object checkpoint/reuse
_db_percent_hot_default	50	Percent of default buffer pool considered hot
_db_percent_hot_keep	0	Percent of keep buffer pool considered hot
_db_percent_hot_recycle	0	Percent of recycle buffer pool considered hot
_db_percpu_create_cachesize	2	size of cache created per cpu in deferred cache create
_db_prefetch_histogram_statistics	FALSE	maintain prefetch histogram statistics in x$kcbprfhs
_db_recovery_temporal_file_dest		default database recovery temporal file location
_db_required_percent_fairshare_usage	10	percent of fairshare a processor group should always use
_db_row_overlap_checking	TRUE	row overlap checking override parameter for data/index blocks
_db_todefer_cache_create	TRUE	buffer cache deferred create
_db_writer_chunk_writes	0	Number of writes DBWR should wait for
_db_writer_coalesce_area_size	4194304	Size of memory allocated to dbwriter for coalescing writes
_db_writer_coalesce_write_limit	131072	Limit on size of coalesced write
_db_writer_flush_imu	TRUE	If FALSE, DBWR will not downgrade IMU txns for AGING
_db_writer_histogram_statistics	FALSE	maintain dbwr histogram statistics in x$kcbbhs
_db_writer_max_writes	0	Max number of outstanding DB Writer IOs
_db_writer_nomemcopy_coalesce	FALSE	Enable DBWR no-memcopy coalescing
_db_writer_verify_writes	FALSE	Enable lost write detection mechanism
_dbg_proc_startup	FALSE	debug process startup
_dbms_sql_security_level	1	Security level in DBMS_SQL
_dbrm_dynamic_threshold	16843752	DBRM dynamic threshold setting
_dbrm_num_runnable_list	0	Resource Manager number of runnable list per NUMA node
_dbrm_quantum		DBRM quantum
_dbrm_runchk	0	Resource Manager Diagnostic Running Thread Check
_dbrm_short_wait_us	300	Resource Manager short wait length
_dbwr_async_io	TRUE	Enable dbwriter asynchronous writes
_dbwr_scan_interval	300	dbwriter scan interval
_dbwr_tracing	0	Enable dbwriter tracing
_dde_flood_control_init	TRUE	Initialize Flood Control at database open
_dead_process_scan_interval	60	PMON dead process scan interval (in seconds)
_deadlock_diagnostic_level	2	automatic deadlock resolution diagnostics level
_deadlock_resolution_incidents_always	FALSE	create incidents when resolving any deadlock?
_deadlock_resolution_incidents_enabled	TRUE	create incidents during deadlock resolution
_deadlock_resolution_level	1	automatic deadlock resolution level
_deadlock_resolution_min_wait_timeout_secs	60	the minimum wait timeout required for deadlock resolution
_deadlock_resolution_signal_process_thresh_secs	60	the amount of time given to process a deadlock resolution signal
_dedicated_server_poll_count	10	dedicated server poll count
_dedicated_server_post_wait	FALSE	dedicated server post/wait
_dedicated_server_post_wait_call	FALSE	dedicated server post/wait call
_default_encrypt_alg	0	default encryption algorithm
_default_non_equality_sel_check	TRUE	sanity check on default selectivity for like/range predicate
_defer_eor_orl_arch_for_so	FALSE	defer EOR ORL archival for switchover
_defer_log_boundary_ckpt	TRUE	defer media recovery checkpoint at log boundary
_defer_log_count	2	Number of log boundaries media recovery checkpoint lags behind
_defer_rcv_during_sw_to_sby	FALSE	Defer recovery during switchover to standby
_deferred_constant_folding_mode	DEFAULT	Deferred constant folding mode
_deferred_log_dest_is_valid	TRUE	consider deferred log dest as valid for log deletion (TRUE/FALSE)
_delay_index_maintain	TRUE	delays index maintenance until after MV is refreshed
_delta_push_share_blockers	0	enable delta push if greater than the # of share blockers
_deq_execute_reset_time	30	deq execute reset time
_deq_ht_child_latches	8	deq ht child latches
_deq_ht_max_elements	100000	deq ht max elements
_deq_large_txn_size	25000	deq large txn size
_deq_log_array_size	10000	deq log array size
_deq_max_fetch_count	10	deq max fetch count
_deq_maxwait_time	0	Change wait times between dequeue calls
_desired_readmem_rate	90	The desired percentage of redo reading from memory
_dg_broker_trace_level		data guard broker trace level
_dg_cf_check_timer	15	Data Guard controlfile check timer
_dg_corrupt_redo_log	0	Corrupt redo log validation during archivals
_diag_adr_auto_purge	TRUE	Enable/disable ADR MMON Auto Purging
_diag_adr_enabled	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag ADR
_diag_adr_test_param	0	Test parameter for Diagnosability
_diag_arb_before_kill	FALSE	dump diagnostics before killing unresponsive ARBs
_diag_backward_compat	TRUE	Backward Compatibility for Diagnosability
_diag_cc_enabled	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Call Context
_diag_conf_cap_enabled	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Configuration Capture
_diag_crashdump_level	10	parameter for systemstate dump level, used by DIAG during crash
_diag_daemon	TRUE	start DIAG daemon
_diag_dde_async_age_limit	300	diag dde async actions: message age limit (in seconds)
_diag_dde_async_cputime_limit	300	diag dde async actions: action cputime limit (in seconds)
_diag_dde_async_mode	1	diag dde async actions: dispatch mode
_diag_dde_async_msg_capacity	1024	diag dde async actions: message buffer capacity
_diag_dde_async_msgs	50	diag dde async actions: number of preallocated message buffers
_diag_dde_async_process_rate	5	diag dde async actions: message processing rate - per loop
_diag_dde_async_runtime_limit	900	diag dde async actions: action runtime limit (in seconds)
_diag_dde_async_slaves	5	diag dde async actions: max number of concurrent slave processes
_diag_dde_enabled	TRUE	enable DDE handling of critical errors
_diag_dde_fc_enabled	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Flood Control
_diag_dde_fc_implicit_time	0	Override Implicit Error Flood Control time parameter
_diag_dde_fc_macro_time	0	Override Macro Error Flood Control time parameter
_diag_dde_inc_proc_delay	1	The minimum delay between two MMON incident sweeps (minutes)
_diag_diagnostics	TRUE	Turn off diag diagnostics
_diag_dump_request_debug_level	1	DIAG dump request debug level (0-2)
_diag_dump_timeout	30	timeout parameter for SYNC dump
_diag_enable_startup_events	FALSE	enable events in instance startup notifiers
_diag_hm_rc_enabled	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag HM Reactive Checks
_diag_hm_tc_enabled	FALSE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag HM Test(dummy) Checks
_diag_proc_enabled	TRUE	enable hung process diagnostic API
_diag_proc_max_time_ms	30000	hung process diagnostic API max wait time in milliseconds
_diag_proc_stack_capture_type	1	hung process diagnostic API stack capture type
_diag_uts_control	0	UTS control parameter
_diag_verbose_error_on_init	0	Allow verbose error tracing on diag init
_dimension_skip_null	TRUE	control dimension skip when null feature
_direct_io_skip_cur_slot_on_error	TRUE	Skip current slot on error
_direct_io_slots	0	number of slots for direct path I/O
_direct_io_wslots	0	number of write slots for direct path I/O
_direct_path_insert_features	0	disable direct path insert features
_direct_read_decision_statistics_driven	TRUE	enable direct read decision based on optimizer statistics
_disable_12751	FALSE	disable policy timeout error (ORA-12751)
_disable_active_influx_move	FALSE	disable active influx move during parallel media recovery
_disable_adaptive_shrunk_aggregation	FALSE	adaptive shrunk aggregation
_disable_appliance_check	FALSE	Disable checking for appliance bread crumbs
_disable_appliance_partnering	FALSE	Disable partnering mode for appliance
_disable_autotune_gtx	FALSE	disable autotune global transaction background processes
_disable_block_checking	FALSE	disable block checking at the session level
_disable_cell_optimized_backups	FALSE	disable cell optimized backups
_disable_cpu_check	FALSE	disable cpu_count check
_disable_cursor_sharing	FALSE	disable cursor sharing
_disable_datalayer_sampling	FALSE	disable datalayer sampling
_disable_duplex_link	TRUE	Turn off connection duplexing
_disable_fast_aggregation	FALSE	fast aggregation
_disable_fast_validate	FALSE	disable PL/SQL fast validation
_disable_fastopen	FALSE	Do Not Use Fastopen
_disable_fba_qrw	0	disable flashback archiver query rewrite
_disable_fba_wpr	0	disable flashback archiver wait for prepared transactions
_disable_file_locks	FALSE	disable file locks for control, data, redo log files
_disable_flashback_archiver	0	disable flashback archiver
_disable_flashback_wait_callback	FALSE	Disable flashback wait callback
_disable_function_based_index	FALSE	disable function-based index matching
_disable_gvaq_cache	FALSE	Disable cache
_disable_health_check	FALSE	Disable Health Check
_disable_highres_ticks	FALSE	disable high-res tick counter
_disable_image_check	FALSE	Disable Oracle executable image checking
_disable_implicit_row_movement	FALSE	disable implicit row movement
_disable_incremental_checkpoints	FALSE	Disable incremental checkpoints for thread recovery
_disable_incremental_recovery_ckpt	FALSE	Disable incremental recovery checkpoint mechanism
_disable_index_block_prefetching	FALSE	disable index block prefetching
_disable_initial_block_compression	FALSE	disable initial block compression
_disable_instance_params_check	FALSE	disable instance type check for ksp
_disable_interface_checking	FALSE	disable interface checking at startup
_disable_kcb_flashback_blocknew_opt	FALSE	Disable KCB flashback block new optimization
_disable_kcbhxor_osd	FALSE	disable kcbh(c)xor OSD functionality
_disable_kcbl_flashback_blocknew_opt	FALSE	Disable KCBL flashback block new optimization
_disable_kgghshcrc32_osd	FALSE	disable kgghshcrc32chk OSD functionality
_disable_latch_free_SCN_writes_via_32cas	FALSE	disable latch-free SCN writes using 32-bit compare & swap
_disable_latch_free_SCN_writes_via_64cas	FALSE	disable latch-free SCN writes using 64-bit compare & swap
_disable_logging	FALSE	Disable logging
_disable_metrics_group	0	Disable Metrics Group (or all Metrics Groups)
_disable_multiple_block_sizes	FALSE	disable multiple block size support (for debugging)
_disable_odm	FALSE	disable odm feature
_disable_parallel_conventional_load	FALSE	Disable parallel conventional loads
_disable_primary_bitmap_switch	FALSE	disable primary bitmap switch
_disable_read_only_open_dict_check	FALSE	Disable read-only open dictionary check
_disable_rebalance_compact	FALSE	disable space usage checks for storage reconfiguration
_disable_rebalance_space_check	FALSE	disable space usage checks for storage reconfiguration
_disable_recovery_read_skip	FALSE	Disable the read optimization during media recovery
_disable_sample_io_optim	FALSE	disable row sampling IO optimization
_disable_savepoint_reset	FALSE	disable the fix for bug 1402161
_disable_selftune_checkpointing	FALSE	Disable self-tune checkpointing
_disable_storage_type	FALSE	Disable storage type checks
_disable_streams_diagnostics	0	streams diagnostics
_disable_streams_pool_auto_tuning	FALSE	disable streams pool auto tuning
_disable_sun_rsm	TRUE	Disable IPC OSD support for Sun RSMAPI
_disable_system_state	4294967294	disable system state dump
_disable_system_state_wait_samples	FALSE	Disable system state dump - wait samples
_disable_temp_tablespace_alerts	FALSE	disable tablespace alerts for TEMPORARY tablespaces
_disable_thread_internal_disable	FALSE	Disable thread internal disable feature
_disable_thread_snapshot	TRUE	Thread snapshot
_disable_txn_alert	0	disable txn layer alert
_disable_undo_tablespace_alerts	FALSE	disable tablespace alerts for UNDO tablespaces
_disable_wait_state		Disable wait state
_discrete_transactions_enabled	FALSE	enable OLTP mode
_disk_sector_size_override	FALSE	if TRUE, OSD sector size could be overridden
_diskmon_pipe_name		DiSKMon skgznp pipe name
_dispatcher_rate_scale		scale to display rate statistic (100ths of a second)
_dispatcher_rate_ttl		time-to-live for rate statistic (100ths of a second)
_distinct_view_unnesting	FALSE	enables unnesting of in subquery into distinct view
_distributed_recovery_connection_hold_time	200	number of seconds RECO holds outbound connections open
_dlmtrace		Trace string of global enqueue type(s)
_dm_max_shared_pool_pct	1	max percentage of the shared pool to use for a mining model
_dml_batch_error_limit	0	number or error handles allocated for DML in batch mode
_dml_frequency_tracking	FALSE	Control DML frequency tracking
_dml_frequency_tracking_advance	TRUE	Control automatic advance and broadcast of DML frequencies
_dml_frequency_tracking_slot_time	15	Time length of each slot for DML frequency tracking
_dml_frequency_tracking_slots	4	Number of slots to use for DML frequency tracking
_dml_monitoring_enabled	TRUE	enable modification monitoring
_domain_index_batch_size	2000	maximum number of rows from one call to domain index fetch routine
_domain_index_dml_batch_size	200	maximum number of rows for one call to domain index dml routines
_dra_bmr_number_threshold	1000	Maximum number of BMRs that can be done to a file
_dra_bmr_percent_threshold	10	Maximum percentage of blocks in a file that can be BMR-ed
_dra_enable_offline_dictionary	FALSE	Enable the periodic creation of the offline dictionary for DRA
_drm_parallel_freeze	TRUE	if TRUE enables parallel drm freeze
_drop_flashback_logical_operations_enq	FALSE	Drop logical operations enqueue immediately during flashback marker generation
_drop_table_granule	256	drop_table_granule
_drop_table_optimization_enabled	TRUE	reduce SGA memory use during drop of a partitioned table
_ds_enable_auto_txn	FALSE	Dynamic Sampling Service Autonomous Transaction control parameter
_ds_iocount_iosize	6553664	Dynamic Sampling Service defaults: #IOs and IO Size
_ds_parse_model	2	Dynamic Sampling Service Parse Model control parameter
_dsc_feature_level	0	controls the feature level for deferred segment creation
_dskm_health_check_cnt	20	DiSKMon health check counter
_dss_cache_flush	FALSE	enable full cache flush for parallel execution
_dtree_area_size	131072	size of Decision Tree Classification work area
_dtree_binning_enabled	TRUE	Decision Tree Binning Enabled
_dtree_bintest_id	0	Decision Tree Binning Test ID
_dtree_compressbmp_enabled	TRUE	Decision Tree Using Compressed Bitmaps Enabled
_dtree_max_surrogates	1	maximum number of surrogates
_dtree_pruning_enabled	TRUE	Decision Tree Pruning Enabled
_dummy_instance	FALSE	dummy instance started by RMAN
_dump_common_subexpressions	FALSE	dump common subexpressions
_dump_connect_by_loop_data	FALSE	dump connect by loop error message into trc file
_dump_cursor_heap_sizes	FALSE	dump comp/exec heap sizes to tryace file
_dump_interval_limit	120	trace dump time interval limit (in seconds)
_dump_max_limit	5	max number of dump within dump interval
_dump_qbc_tree	0	dump top level query parse tree to trace
_dump_rcvr_ipc	TRUE	if TRUE enables IPC dump at instance eviction time
_dump_system_state_scope	local	scope of sysstate dump during instance termination
_dump_trace_scope	global	scope of trace dump during a process crash
_dynamic_rls_policies	TRUE	rls policies are dynamic
_dynamic_stats_threshold	30	delay threshold (in seconds) between sending statistics messages
_eighteenth_spare_parameter		eighteenth spare parameter - string list
_eighth_spare_parameter		eighth spare parameter - integer
_eliminate_common_subexpr	TRUE	enables elimination of common sub-expressions
_emon_max_active_connections	256	maximum open connections to clients per emon
_emon_outbound_connect_timeout	30000	timeout for completing connection set up to clients
_emon_regular_ntfn_slaves	4	number of EMON slaves doing regular database notifications
_enable_Front_End_View_Optimization	1	enable front end view optimization
_enable_LGPG_debug	FALSE	Enable LGPG debug mode
_enable_NUMA_interleave	TRUE	Enable NUMA interleave mode
_enable_NUMA_optimization	FALSE	Enable NUMA specific optimizations
_enable_NUMA_support	FALSE	Enable NUMA support and optimizations
_enable_asyncvio	FALSE	enable asynch vectored I/O
_enable_automatic_maintenance	1	if 1, Automated Maintenance Is Enabled
_enable_automatic_sqltune	TRUE	Automatic SQL Tuning Advisory enabled parameter
_enable_block_level_transaction_recovery	TRUE	enable block level recovery
_enable_check_truncate	TRUE	enable checking of corruption caused by canceled truncate
_enable_cscn_caching	FALSE	enable commit SCN caching for all transactions
_enable_ddl_wait_lock	TRUE	use this to turn off ddls with wait semantics
_enable_default_affinity	0	enable default implementation of hard affinity osds
_enable_default_temp_threshold	TRUE	Enable Default Tablespace Utilization Threshold for UNDO Tablespaces
_enable_default_undo_threshold	TRUE	Enable Default Tablespace Utilization Threshold for TEMPORARY Tablespaces
_enable_dml_lock_escalation	TRUE	enable dml lock escalation against partitioned tables if TRUE
_enable_editions_for_users	FALSE	enable editions for all users
_enable_exchange_validation_using_check	TRUE	use check constraints on the table for validation
_enable_fast_ref_after_mv_tbs	FALSE	enable fast refresh after move tablespace
_enable_ffw	TRUE	FAL FORWARDING
_enable_flash_logging	TRUE	Enable Exadata Smart Flash Logging
_enable_hash_overflow	FALSE	TRUE - enable hash cluster overflow based on SIZE
_enable_hwm_sync	TRUE	enable HWM synchronization
_enable_kqf_purge	TRUE	Enable KQF fixed runtime table purge
_enable_list_io	FALSE	Enable List I/O
_enable_midtier_affinity	TRUE	enable midtier affinity metrics processing
_enable_minscn_cr	TRUE	enable/disable minscn optimization for CR
_enable_nativenet_tcpip	FALSE	Enable skgxp driver usage for native net
_enable_obj_queues	TRUE	enable object queues
_enable_online_index_without_s_locking	TRUE	Allow online index creation algorithm without S DML lock
_enable_query_rewrite_on_remote_objs	TRUE	mv rewrite on remote table/view
_enable_redo_global_post	FALSE	LGWR post globally on write
_enable_refresh_schedule	TRUE	enable or disable MV refresh scheduling (revert to 9.2 behavior)
_enable_reliable_latch_waits	TRUE	Enable reliable latch waits
_enable_rename_user	FALSE	enable RENAME-clause using ALTER USER statement
_enable_rlb	TRUE	enable RLB metrics processing
_enable_row_shipping	TRUE	use the row shipping optimization for wide table selects
_enable_sb_detection	TRUE	Split Brain Detection
_enable_schema_synonyms	FALSE	enable DDL operations (e.g. creation) involving schema synonyms
_enable_scn_wait_interface	TRUE	use this to turn off scn wait interface in kta
_enable_separable_transactions	FALSE	enable/disable separable transactions
_enable_shared_pool_durations	TRUE	temporary to disable/enable kgh policy
_enable_shared_server_vector_io	FALSE	Enable shared server vector I/O
_enable_space_preallocation	3	enable space pre-allocation
_enable_spacebg	TRUE	enable space management background task
_enable_tablespace_alerts	TRUE	enable tablespace alerts
_enable_type_dep_selectivity	TRUE	enable type dependent selectivity estimates
_endprot_chunk_comment	chk 10235 dflt	chunk comment for selective overrun protection
_endprot_heap_comment	hp 10235 dflt	heap comment for selective overrun protection
_endprot_subheaps	TRUE	selective overrun protection for subeheaps
_enqueue_deadlock_scan_secs	0	deadlock scan interval
_enqueue_deadlock_time_sec	5	requests with timeout <= this will not have deadlock detection
_enqueue_debug_multi_instance	FALSE	debug enqueue multi instance
_enqueue_hash	4579	enqueue hash table length
_enqueue_hash_chain_latches	16	enqueue hash chain latches
_enqueue_locks	25942	locks for managed enqueues
_enqueue_paranoia_mode_enabled	FALSE	enable enqueue layer advanced debugging checks
_enqueue_resources	4779	resources for enqueues
_evolve_plan_baseline_report_level	typical	Level of detail to show in plan verification/evolution report
_evt_system_event_propagation	TRUE	disable system event propagation
_expand_aggregates	TRUE	expand aggregates
_explain_rewrite_mode	FALSE	allow additional messages to be generated during explain rewrite
_extended_pruning_enabled	TRUE	do runtime pruning in iterator if set to TRUE
_external_scn_logging_threshold_seconds	172800	High delta SCN threshold in seconds
_external_scn_rejection_delta_threshold_minutes		external SCN rejection delta threshold in minutes
_external_scn_rejection_threshold_hours	24	Lag in hours between max allowed SCN and an external SCN
_fair_remote_cvt	FALSE	if TRUE enables fair remote convert
_fairness_threshold	2	number of times to CR serve before downgrading lock
_fast_cursor_reexecute	FALSE	use more memory in order to get faster execution
_fast_dual_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable fast dual
_fast_full_scan_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable index fast full scan
_fastpin_enable	16777216	enable reference count based fast pins
_fbda_busy_percentage	0	flashback archiver busy percentage
_fbda_debug_assert	0	flashback archiver debug assert for testing
_fbda_debug_mode	0	flashback archiver debug event for testing
_fbda_global_bscn_lag	0	flashback archiver global barrier scn lag
_fbda_inline_percentage	0	flashback archiver inline percentage
_fbda_rac_inactive_limit	0	flashback archiver rac inactive limit
_fg_iorm_slaves	1	ForeGround I/O slaves for IORM
_fg_log_checksum	TRUE	Checksum redo in foreground process
_fg_sync_sleep_usecs	0	Log file sync via usleep
_fic_algorithm_set	automatic	Set Frequent Itemset Counting Algorithm
_fic_area_size	131072	size of Frequent Itemset Counting work area
_fic_max_length	20	Frequent Itemset Counting Maximum Itemset Length
_fic_min_bmsize	1024	Frequent Itemset Counting Minimum BITMAP Size
_fic_outofmem_candidates	FALSE	Frequent Itemset Counting Out Of Memory Candidates Generation
_fifteenth_spare_parameter		fifteenth spare parameter - string
_fifth_spare_parameter		fifth spare parameter - integer
_file_size_increase_increment	67108864	Amount of file size increase increment, in bytes
_filemap_dir		FILEMAP directory
_first_k_rows_dynamic_proration	TRUE	enable the use of dynamic proration of join cardinalities
_first_spare_parameter		first spare parameter - integer
_fix_control		bug fix control parameter
_flashback_11.1_block_new_opt	FALSE	use 11.1 flashback block new optimization scheme
_flashback_allow_noarchivelog	FALSE	Allow enabling flashback on noarchivelog database
_flashback_archiver_partition_size	0	flashback archiver table partition size
_flashback_barrier_interval	1800	Flashback barrier interval in seconds
_flashback_copy_latches	10	Number of flashback copy latches
_flashback_database_test_only	FALSE	Run Flashback Database in test mode
_flashback_delete_chunk_MB	128	Amount of flashback log (in MB) to delete in one attempt
_flashback_dynamic_enable	TRUE	enable flashback enable code path
_flashback_dynamic_enable_failure	0	Simulate failures during dynamic enable
_flashback_enable_ra	TRUE	Flashback enable read ahead
_flashback_format_chunk_mb	4	Chunk mega-bytes for formatting flashback logs using sync write
_flashback_format_chunk_mb_dwrite	16	Chunk mega-bytes for formatting flashback logs using delayed write
_flashback_fuzzy_barrier	TRUE	Use flashback fuzzy barrier
_flashback_generation_buffer_size	67108864	flashback generation buffer size
_flashback_hint_barrier_percent	20	Flashback hint barrier percent
_flashback_log_io_error_behavior	0	Specify Flashback log I/O error behavior
_flashback_log_min_size	100	Minimum flashback log size
_flashback_log_rac_balance_factor	10	flashback log rac balance factor
_flashback_log_size	1000	Flashback log size
_flashback_logfile_enqueue_timeout	600	flashback logfile enqueue timeout for opens
_flashback_marker_cache_enabled	TRUE	Enable flashback database marker cache
_flashback_marker_cache_size	328	Size of flashback database marker cache
_flashback_max_log_size	0	Maximum flashback log size in bytes (OS limit)
_flashback_max_n_log_per_thread	2048	Maximum number of flashback logs per flashback thread
_flashback_max_standby_sync_span	300	Maximum time span between standby recovery sync for flashback
_flashback_n_log_per_thread	128	Desired number of flashback logs per flashback thread
_flashback_prepare_log	TRUE	Prepare Flashback logs in the background
_flashback_size_based_on_redo	TRUE	Size new flashback logs based on average redo log size
_flashback_standby_barrier_interval	1	Flashback standby barrier interval in seconds
_flashback_validate_controlfile	FALSE	validate flashback pointers in controlfile for 11.2.0.2 database
_flashback_verbose_info	FALSE	Print verbose information about flashback database
_flashback_write_max_loop_limit	10	Flashback writer loop limit before it returns
_flush_plan_in_awr_sql	0	Plan is being flushed from an AWR flush SQL
_flush_redo_to_standby	0	Flush redo to standby test event parameter
_flush_undo_after_tx_recovery	TRUE	if TRUE, flush undo buffers after TX recovery
_force_arch_compress	0	Archive Compress all newly created compressed tables
_force_datefold_trunc	FALSE	force use of trunc for datefolding rewrite
_force_hash_join_spill	FALSE	force hash join to spill to disk
_force_hsc_compress	FALSE	compress all newly created tables
_force_oltp_compress	FALSE	OLTP Compress all newly created compressed tables
_force_oltp_update_opt	TRUE	OLTP Compressed row optimization on update
_force_rcv_info_ping	0	Force recovery info ping to stdby
_force_rewrite_enable	FALSE	control new query rewrite features
_force_slave_mapping_intra_part_loads	FALSE	Force slave mapping for intra partition loads
_force_temptables_for_gsets	FALSE	executes concatenation of rollups using temp tables
_force_tmp_segment_loads	FALSE	Force tmp segment loads
_forwarded_2pc_threshold	10	auto-tune threshold for two-phase commit rate across RAC instances
_fourteenth_spare_parameter		fourteenth spare parameter - string
_fourth_spare_parameter		fourth spare parameter - integer
_frame_cache_time	0	number of seconds a cached frame page stay in cache.
_full_pwise_join_enabled	TRUE	enable full partition-wise join when TRUE
_fusion_security	FALSE	Fusion Security
_gby_hash_aggregation_enabled	TRUE	enable group-by and aggregation using hash scheme
_gby_onekey_enabled	TRUE	enable use of one comparison of all group by keys
_gc_affinity_locking	TRUE	if TRUE, enable object affinity
_gc_affinity_locks	TRUE	if TRUE, get affinity locks
_gc_affinity_ratio	50	dynamic object affinity ratio
_gc_async_memcpy	FALSE	if TRUE, use async memcpy
_gc_bypass_readers	TRUE	if TRUE, modifications bypass readers
_gc_check_bscn	TRUE	if TRUE, check for stale blocks
_gc_coalesce_recovery_reads	TRUE	if TRUE, coalesce recovery reads
_gc_cpu_time	FALSE	if TRUE, record the gc cpu time
_gc_cr_server_read_wait	TRUE	if TRUE, cr server waits for a read to complete
_gc_defer_ping_index_only	TRUE	if TRUE, restrict deferred ping to index blocks only
_gc_defer_time	1	how long to defer pings for hot buffers in milliseconds
_gc_delta_push_compression	3072	if delta >= K bytes, compress before push
_gc_delta_push_max_level	100	max delta level for delta push
_gc_delta_push_objects	0	objects which use delta push
_gc_disable_s_lock_brr_ping_check	TRUE	if TRUE, disable S lock BRR ping check for lost write protect
_gc_down_convert_after_keep	TRUE	if TRUE, down-convert lock after recovery
_gc_element_percent	110	global cache element percent
_gc_escalate_bid	TRUE	if TRUE, escalates create a bid
_gc_fg_merge	TRUE	if TRUE, merge pi buffers in the foreground
_gc_flush_during_affinity	TRUE	if TRUE, flush during affinity
_gc_fusion_compression	1024	compress fusion blocks if there is free space
_gc_global_checkpoint_scn	TRUE	if TRUE, enable global checkpoint scn
_gc_global_cpu	TRUE	global cpu checks
_gc_global_lru	AUTO	turn global lru off, make it automatic, or turn it on
_gc_global_lru_touch_count	5	global lru touch count
_gc_global_lru_touch_time	60	global lru touch time in seconds
_gc_integrity_checks	1	set the integrity check level
_gc_keep_recovery_buffers	TRUE	if TRUE, make single instance crash recovery buffers current
_gc_latches	8	number of latches per LMS process
_gc_log_flush	TRUE	if TRUE, flush redo log before a current block transfer
_gc_long_query_threshold	0	threshold for long running query
_gc_max_downcvt	256	maximum downconverts to process at one time
_gc_maximum_bids	0	maximum number of bids which can be prepared
_gc_no_fairness_for_clones	TRUE	if TRUE, no fairness if we serve a clone
_gc_override_force_cr	TRUE	if TRUE, try to override force-cr requests
_gc_persistent_read_mostly	TRUE	if TRUE, enable persistent read-mostly locking
_gc_policy_minimum	1500	dynamic object policy minimum activity per minute
_gc_policy_time	10	how often to make object policy decisions in minutes
_gc_read_mostly_flush_check	FALSE	if TRUE, optimize flushes for read mostly objects
_gc_read_mostly_locking	TRUE	if TRUE, enable read-mostly locking
_gc_sanity_check_cr_buffers	FALSE	if TRUE, sanity check CR buffers
_gc_serve_high_pi_as_current	TRUE	if TRUE, use a higher clone scn when serving a pi
_gc_statistics	TRUE	if TRUE, kcl statistics are maintained
_gc_transfer_ratio	2	dynamic object read-mostly transfer ratio
_gc_tsn_undo_affinity	TRUE	if TRUE, use TSN undo affinity
_gc_undo_affinity	TRUE	if TRUE, enable dynamic undo affinity
_gc_undo_block_disk_reads	TRUE	if TRUE, enable undo block disk reads
_gc_use_cr	TRUE	if TRUE, allow CR pins on PI and WRITING buffers
_gc_vector_read	TRUE	if TRUE, vector read current buffers
_gcr_enable_high_cpu_kill	FALSE	if TRUE, GCR may kill foregrounds under high load
_gcr_enable_high_cpu_rm	FALSE	if TRUE, GCR may enable a RM plan under high load
_gcr_enable_high_cpu_rt	FALSE	if TRUE, GCR may boost bg priority under high load
_gcr_high_cpu_threshold	10	minimum amount of CPU process must consume to be kill target
_gcr_use_css	TRUE	if FALSE, GCR wont register with CSS nor use any CSS feature
_gcs_disable_remote_handles	FALSE	disable remote client/shadow handles
_gcs_disable_skip_close_remastering	FALSE	if TRUE, disable skip close optimization in remastering
_gcs_fast_reconfig	TRUE	if TRUE, enable fast reconfiguration for gcs locks
_gcs_latches	64	number of gcs resource hash latches to be allocated per LMS process
_gcs_pkey_history	4000	number of pkey remastering history
_gcs_process_in_recovery	TRUE	if TRUE, process gcs requests during instance recovery
_gcs_res_per_bucket	4	number of gcs resource per hash bucket
_gcs_resources		number of gcs resources to be allocated
_gcs_shadow_locks		number of pcm shadow locks to be allocated
_gcs_testing	0	GCS testing parameter
_generalized_pruning_enabled	TRUE	controls extensions to partition pruning for general predicates
_ges_dd_debug	1	if 1 or higher enables GES deadlock detection debug diagnostics
_ges_designated_master	FALSE	designated master for GES and GCS resources
_ges_diagnostics	TRUE	if TRUE enables GES diagnostics
_ges_diagnostics_asm_dump_level	11	systemstate level on global enqueue diagnostics blocked by ASM
_ges_health_check	0	if greater than 0 enables GES system health check
_ges_num_blockers_to_kill	1	number of blockers to be killed for hang resolution
_global_hang_analysis_interval_secs	10	the interval at which global hang analysis is run
_globalindex_pnum_filter_enabled	TRUE	enables filter for global index with partition extended syntax
_groupby_nopushdown_cut_ratio	3	groupby nopushdown cut ratio
_groupby_orderby_combine	5000	groupby/orderby don't combine threshold
_gs_anti_semi_join_allowed	TRUE	enable anti/semi join for the GS query
_hang_analysis_num_call_stacks	3	hang analysis num call stacks
_hang_detection_enabled	TRUE	Hang Management detection
_hang_detection_interval	32	Hang Management detection interval in seconds
_hang_hiload_promoted_ignored_hang_count	2	Hang Management high load or promoted ignored hang count
_hang_hiprior_session_attribute_list		Hang Management high priority session attribute list
_hang_ignored_hang_count	1	Hang Management ignored hang count
_hang_ignored_hangs_interval	300	Time in seconds ignored hangs must persist after verification
_hang_log_incidents	FALSE	Hang Manager incident logging
_hang_long_wait_time_threshold	0	Long session wait time threshold in seconds
_hang_lws_file_count	5	Number of trace files for long waiting sessions
_hang_lws_file_time_limit	3600	Timespan in seconds for current long waiting session trace file
_hang_msg_checksum_enabled	TRUE	enable hang graph message checksum
_hang_output_suspected_hangs	FALSE	Hang Management enabled output of suspected hangs
_hang_resolution_confidence_promotion	FALSE	Hang Management hang resolution confidence promotion
_hang_resolution_global_hang_confidence_promotion	FALSE	Hang Management hang resolution global hang confidence promotion
_hang_resolution_policy	HIGH	Hang Management hang resolution policy
_hang_resolution_promote_process_termination	FALSE	Hang Management hang resolution promote process termination
_hang_resolution_scope	PROCESS	Hang Management hang resolution scope
_hang_signature_list_match_output_frequency	10	Hang Signature List matched output frequency
_hang_statistics_collection_interval	15	Hang Management statistics collection interval in seconds
_hang_statistics_collection_ma_alpha	30	Hang Management statistics collection moving average alpha
_hang_statistics_high_io_percentage_threshold	45	Hang Management statistics high IO percentage threshold
_hang_verification_interval	46	Hang Management verification interval in seconds
_hard_protection	FALSE	if TRUE enable H.A.R.D specific format changes
_hash_join_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable hash join
_hash_multiblock_io_count	0	number of blocks hash join will read/write at once
_hb_redo_msg_interval	100	BOC HB redo message interval in ms
_heur_deadlock_resolution_secs	0	the heuristic wait time per node for deadlock resolution
_high_priority_processes	LMS*|VKTM	High Priority Process Name Mask
_high_server_threshold	0	high server thresholds
_highres_drift_allowed_sec	1	allowed highres timer drift for VKTM
_highthreshold_undoretention	4294967294	high threshold undo_retention in seconds
_hj_bit_filter_threshold	50	hash-join bit filtering threshold (0 always enabled)
_hm_analysis_oradebug_node_dump_level	0	the oradebug node dump level for hang manager hang analysis
_hm_analysis_oradebug_sys_dump_level	0	the oradebug system state level for hang manager hang analysis
_hm_analysis_output_disk	FALSE	if TRUE the hang manager outputs hang analysis results to disk
_hwm_sync_threshold	10	HWM synchronization threshold in percentage
_idl_conventional_index_maintenance	TRUE	enable conventional index maintenance for insert direct load
_idle_session_kill_enabled	TRUE	enables or disables resource manager session idle limit checks
_idxrb_rowincr	100000000	proportionality constant for dop vs. rows in index rebuild
_ignore_desc_in_index	FALSE	ignore DESC in indexes, sort those columns ascending anyhow
_ignore_edition_enabled_for_EV_creation	FALSE	ignore schema's edition-enabled status during EV creation
_ignore_fg_deps		ignore fine-grain dependencies during invalidation
_immediate_commit_propagation	TRUE	if TRUE, propagate commit SCN immediately
_improved_outerjoin_card	TRUE	improved outer-join cardinality calculation
_improved_row_length_enabled	TRUE	enable the improvements for computing the average row length
_imr_active	TRUE	Activate Instance Membership Recovery feature
_imr_avoid_double_voting	TRUE	Avoid device voting for CSS reconfig during IMR
_imr_controlfile_access_wait_time	10	IMR controlfile access wait time in seconds
_imr_device_type	controlfile	Type of device to be used by IMR
_imr_disk_voting_interval	3	Maximum wait for IMR disk voting (seconds)
_imr_diskvote_implementation	auto	IMR disk voting implementation method
_imr_evicted_member_kill	TRUE	IMR issue evicted member kill after a wait
_imr_evicted_member_kill_wait	20	IMR evicted member kill wait time in seconds
_imr_extra_reconfig_wait	10	Extra reconfiguration wait in seconds
_imr_highload_threshold		IMR system highload threshold
_imr_max_reconfig_delay	75	Maximum Reconfiguration delay (seconds)
_imr_splitbrain_res_wait	0	Maximum wait for split-brain resolution (seconds)
_imr_systemload_check	TRUE	Perform the system load check during IMR
_imu_pools	3	in memory undo pools
_in_memory_tbs_search	TRUE	FALSE - disable fast path for alter tablespace read only
_in_memory_undo	TRUE	Make in memory undo for top level transactions
_incremental_recovery_ckpt_min_batch	500	minimum number of writes for incremental recovery ckpt every second
_index_join_enabled	TRUE	enable the use of index joins
_index_partition_large_extents	FALSE	Enables large extent allocation for partitioned indices
_index_prefetch_factor	100	index prefetching factor
_index_scan_check_skip_corrupt	FALSE	check and skip corrupt blocks during index scans
_index_scan_check_stopkey	FALSE	check stopkey during index range scans
_init_granule_interval	10	number of granules to process for deferred cache
_init_sql_file	?/rdbms/admin/sql.bsq	File containing SQL statements to execute upon database creation
_inject_startup_fault	0	inject fault in the startup code
_inline_sql_in_plsql	FALSE	inline SQL in PL/SQL
_inplace_update_retry	TRUE	inplace update retry for ora1551
_inquiry_retry_interval	3	if greater than 0 enables inquiry retry after specified interval
_insert_enable_hwm_brokered	TRUE	during parallel inserts high water marks are brokered
_inst_locking_period	5	period an instance can retain a newly acquired level1 bitmap
_interconnect_checksum	TRUE	if TRUE, checksum interconnect blocks
_intrapart_pdml_enabled	TRUE	Enable intra-partition updates/deletes
_intrapart_pdml_randomlocal_enabled	TRUE	Enable intra-partition updates/deletes with random local dist
_io_resource_manager_always_on	FALSE	io resource manager always on
_io_shared_pool_size	4194304	Size of I/O buffer pool from SGA
_io_slaves_disabled	FALSE	Do not use I/O slaves
_io_statistics	TRUE	if TRUE, ksfd I/O statistics are collected
_iocalibrate_init_ios	2	iocalibrate init I/Os per process
_iocalibrate_max_ios	0	iocalibrate max I/Os per process
_ioq_fanin_multiplier	2	IOQ miss count before a miss exception
_ior_serialize_fault	0	inject fault in the ior serialize code
_iorm_tout	1000	IORM scheduler timeout value in msec
_ioslave_batch_count	1	Per attempt IOs picked
_ioslave_issue_count	500	IOs issued before completion check
_ipc_fail_network	0	Simulate cluster network failer
_ipc_test_failover	0	Test transparent cluster network failover
_ipc_test_mult_nets	0	simulate multiple cluster networks
_ipddb_enable	FALSE	Enable IPD/DB data collection
_job_queue_interval	5	Wakeup interval in seconds for job queue co-ordinator
_k2q_latches	0	number of k2q latches
_kcfis_block_dump_level	0	Smart IO block dump level
_kcfis_caching_enabled	TRUE	enable kcfis intra-scan session caching
_kcfis_cell_passthru_enabled	FALSE	Do not perform smart IO filtering on the cell
_kcfis_cell_passthru_fromcpu_enabled	TRUE	Enable automatic passthru mode when cell CPU util is too high
_kcfis_control1	0	Kcfis control1
_kcfis_control2	0	Kcfis control2
_kcfis_control3	0	Kcfis control3
_kcfis_control4	0	Kcfis control4
_kcfis_control5	0	Kcfis control5
_kcfis_control6	0	Kcfis control6
_kcfis_disable_platform_decryption	FALSE	Don't use platform-specific decryption on the storage cell
_kcfis_dump_corrupt_block	TRUE	Dump any corrupt blocks found during smart IO
_kcfis_fast_response_enabled	TRUE	Enable smart scan optimization for fast response (first rows)
_kcfis_fast_response_initiosize	2	Fast response - The size of the first IO in logical blocks
_kcfis_fast_response_iosizemult	4	Fast response - (next IO size = current IO size * this parameter)
_kcfis_fast_response_threshold	1048576	Fast response - the number of IOs after which smartIO is used
_kcfis_fault_control	0	Fault Injection Control
_kcfis_io_prefetch_size	8	Smart IO prefetch size for a cell
_kcfis_ioreqs_throttle_enabled	TRUE	Enable Smart IO requests throttling
_kcfis_kept_in_cellfc_enabled	TRUE	Enable usage of cellsrv flash cache for kept objects
_kcfis_large_payload_enabled	FALSE	enable large payload to be passed to cellsrv
_kcfis_max_cached_sessions	10	Sets the maximum number of kcfis sessions cached
_kcfis_max_out_translations	5000	Sets the maximum number of outstanding translations in kcfis
_kcfis_nonkept_in_cellfc_enabled	FALSE	Enable use of cellsrv flash cache for non-kept objects
_kcfis_oss_io_size	0	KCFIS OSS I/O size
_kcfis_rdbms_blockio_enabled	FALSE	Use block IO instead of smart IO in the smart IO module on RDBMS
_kcfis_read_buffer_limit	0	KCFIS Read Buffer (per session) memory limit in bytes
_kcfis_spawn_debugger	FALSE	Decides whether to spawn the debugger at kcfis initialize
_kcfis_stats_level	0	sets kcfis stats level
_kcfis_storageidx_diag_mode	0	Debug mode for storage index on the cell
_kcfis_storageidx_disabled	FALSE	Don't use storage index optimization on the storage cell
_kcfis_test_control1	0	kcfis tst control1
_kcfis_trace_bucket_size	131072	KCFIS tracing bucket size in bytes
_kcfis_trace_level	0	sets kcfis tracing level
_kcfis_work_set_appliances	2	Working Set of appliances in a KCFIS session
_kcl_commit	TRUE	if TRUE, call kjbcommit
_kcl_conservative_log_flush	FALSE	if TRUE, conservatively log flush before CR serving
_kcl_debug	TRUE	if TRUE, record le history
_kcl_index_split	TRUE	if TRUE, reject pings on blocks in middle of a split
_kd_symtab_chk	TRUE	enable or disable symbol table integrity block check
_kdbl_enable_post_allocation	FALSE	allocate dbas after populating data buffers
_kdi_avoid_block_checking	FALSE	avoid index block checking on sensitive opcodes
_kdic_segarr_sz	0	size threshold for segmented arrays for seg_info_kdicctx
_kdis_reject_level	24	b+tree level to enable rejection limit
_kdis_reject_limit	5	#block rejections in space reclamation before segment extension
_kdis_reject_ops	FALSE	enable rejection heuristic for branch splits
_kdli_STOP_bsz	0	undocumented parameter for internal use only
_kdli_STOP_dba	0	undocumented parameter for internal use only
_kdli_STOP_fsz	0	undocumented parameter for internal use only
_kdli_STOP_nio	0	undocumented parameter for internal use only
_kdli_STOP_tsn	0	undocumented parameter for internal use only
_kdli_allow_corrupt	TRUE	allow corrupt filesystem_logging data blocks during read/write
_kdli_buffer_inject	TRUE	use buffer injection for CACHE [NO]LOGGING lobs
_kdli_cache_inode	TRUE	cache inode state across calls
_kdli_cache_read_threshold	0	minimum lob size for cache->nocache read (0 disables heuristic)
_kdli_cache_size	8	maximum #entries in inode cache
_kdli_cache_verify	FALSE	verify cached inode via deserialization
_kdli_cache_write_threshold	0	minimum lob size for cache->nocache write (0 disables heuristic)
_kdli_cacheable_length	0	minimum lob length for inode cacheability
_kdli_checkpoint_flush	FALSE	do not invalidate cache buffers after write
_kdli_dbc	none	override db_block_checking setting for securefiles
_kdli_delay_flushes	TRUE	delay flushing cache writes to direct-write lobs
_kdli_flush_cache_reads	FALSE	flush cache-reads data blocks after load
_kdli_flush_injections	TRUE	flush injected buffers of CACHE NOLOGGING lobs before commit
_kdli_force_cr	TRUE	force CR when reading data blocks of direct-write lobs
_kdli_force_cr_meta	TRUE	force CR when reading metadata blocks of direct-write lobs
_kdli_force_storage	none	force storage settings for all lobs
_kdli_full_readahead_threshold	0	maximum lob size for full readahead
_kdli_inject_assert	0	inject asserts into the inode
_kdli_inject_batch	0	buffer injection batch size [1, KCBNEWMAX]
_kdli_inject_crash	0	inject crashes into the inode
_kdli_inline_xfm	TRUE	allow inline transformed lobs
_kdli_inode_preference	data	inline inode evolution preference (data, headless, lhb)
_kdli_inplace_overwrite	0	maximum inplace overwrite size (> chunksize)
_kdli_itree_entries	0	#entries in lhb/itree blocks (for testing only)
_kdli_memory_protect	FALSE	trace accesses to inode memory outside kdli API functions
_kdli_oneblk	FALSE	allocate chunks as single blocks
_kdli_preallocation_mode	length	preallocation mode for lob growth
_kdli_preallocation_pct	0	percentage preallocation [0 .. inf) for lob growth
_kdli_rci_lobmap_entries	255	#entries in RCI lobmap before migration to lhb
_kdli_readahead_limit	0	shared/cached IO readahead limit
_kdli_readahead_strategy	contig	shared/cached IO readahead strategy
_kdli_recent_scn	FALSE	use recent (not dependent) scns for block format/allocation
_kdli_reshape	FALSE	reshape an inode to inline or headless on length truncation
_kdli_safe_callbacks	TRUE	invoke inode read/write callbacks safely
_kdli_sio_async	TRUE	asynchronous shared IO
_kdli_sio_backoff	FALSE	use exponential backoff when attempting SIOP allocations
_kdli_sio_bps	0	maximum blocks per IO slot
_kdli_sio_dop	2	degree-of-parallelism in the SIO keep pool
_kdli_sio_fbwrite_pct	35	percentage of buffer used for direct writes in flashback-db
_kdli_sio_fgio	TRUE	reap asynchronous IO in the foreground
_kdli_sio_fileopen	none	shared IO fileopen mode: datasync vs nodatasync vs async
_kdli_sio_flush	FALSE	enable shared IO pool operations
_kdli_sio_free	TRUE	free IO buffers when not in active use
_kdli_sio_min_read	0	shared IO pool read threshold
_kdli_sio_min_write	0	shared IO pool write threshold
_kdli_sio_nbufs	8	maximum #IO buffers to allocate per session
_kdli_sio_niods	8	maximum #IO descriptors to allocate per session
_kdli_sio_on	TRUE	enable shared IO pool operations
_kdli_sio_pga	FALSE	use PGA allocations for direct IO
_kdli_sio_pga_top	FALSE	PGA allocations come from toplevel PGA heap
_kdli_sio_strategy	extent	shared IO strategy: block vs. extent
_kdli_sio_write_pct	100	percentage of buffer used for direct writes
_kdli_small_cache_limit	32	size limit of small inode cache
_kdli_sort_dbas	FALSE	sort dbas during chunkification
_kdli_space_cache_limit	2048	maximum size of the space cache in #blocks
_kdli_squeeze	TRUE	compact lobmap extents with contiguous dbas
_kdli_timer_dmp	FALSE	dump inode timers on session termination
_kdli_timer_trc	FALSE	trace inode timers to uts/tracefile
_kdli_trace	0	inode trace level
_kdli_vll_direct	TRUE	use skip-navigation and direct-positioning in vll-domain
_kdlu_max_bucket_size	4194304	UTS kdlu bucket size
_kdlu_max_bucket_size_mts	131072	UTS kdlu bucket size for mts
_kdlu_trace_layer	0	UTS kdlu per-layer trace level
_kdlu_trace_session	0	UTS session dump
_kdlu_trace_system	0	UTS system dump
_kdlw_enable_ksi_locking	FALSE	enable ksi locking for lobs
_kdlw_enable_write_gathering	TRUE	enable lob write gathering for sql txns
_kdlwp_flush_threshold	4194304	WGC flush threshold in bytes
_kdlxp_cmp_subunit_size	262144	size of compression sub-unit in bytes
_kdlxp_dedup_flush_threshold	8388608	deduplication flush threshold in bytes
_kdlxp_dedup_hash_algo	SHA1	secure hash algorithm for deduplication - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_dedup_inl_pctfree	5	deduplication pct size increase by which inlining avoided
_kdlxp_dedup_prefix_threshold	1048576	deduplication prefix hash threshold in bytes
_kdlxp_dedup_wapp_len	0	deduplication length to allow write-append
_kdlxp_lobcmpadp	FALSE	enable adaptive compression - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_lobcmplevel	2	Default securefile compression
_kdlxp_lobcmprciver	1	Default securefile compression map version
_kdlxp_lobcompress	FALSE	enable lob compression - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_lobdeduplicate	FALSE	enable lob deduplication - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_lobdedupvalidate	TRUE	enable deduplicate validate - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_lobencrypt	FALSE	enable lob encryption - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_mincmp	20	minimum comp ratio in pct - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_mincmplen	200	minimum loblen to compress - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_minxfm_size	32768	minimum transformation size in bytes
_kdlxp_spare1	0	deduplication spare 1
_kdlxp_uncmp	FALSE	lob data uncompressed - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_xfmcache	TRUE	enable xfm cache - only on SecureFiles
_kdt_buffering	TRUE	control kdt buffering for conventional inserts
_kdtgsp_retries	1024	max number of retries in kdtgsp if space returns same block
_kdu_array_depth	16	array update retry recursion depth limits
_kdz_hcc_flags	0	Miscellaneous HCC flags
_kdz_hcc_track_upd_rids	TRUE	Enable rowid tracking during updates
_kebm_nstrikes	3	kebm # strikes to auto suspend an action
_kebm_suspension_time	82800	kebm auto suspension time in seconds
_keep_remote_column_size	FALSE	remote column size does not get modified
_kernel_message_network_driver	FALSE	kernel message network driver
_kes_parse_model	2	SQL Tune/SPA KES Layer Parse Model control parameter
_kffmap_hash_size	1024	size of kffmap_hash table
_kffmop_hash_size	2048	size of kffmop_hash table
_kfm_disable_set_fence	FALSE	disable set fence calls and revert to default (process fence)
_kghdsidx_count	4	max kghdsidx count
_kgl_bucket_count	9	Library cache hash table bucket count (2^_kgl_bucket_count * 256)
_kgl_cluster_lock	TRUE	Library cache support for cluster lock
_kgl_cluster_lock_read_mostly	FALSE	Library cache support for cluster lock read mostly optimization
_kgl_cluster_pin	TRUE	Library cache support for cluster pins
_kgl_debug		Library cache debugging
_kgl_fixed_extents	TRUE	fixed extent size for library cache memory allocations
_kgl_hash_collision	FALSE	Library cache name hash collision possible
_kgl_heap_size	4096	extent size for library cache heap 0
_kgl_hot_object_copies	0	Number of copies for the hot object
_kgl_kqr_cap_so_stacks	FALSE	capture stacks for library and row cache state objects
_kgl_large_heap_warning_threshold	52428800	maximum heap size before KGL writes warnings to the alert log
_kgl_latch_count	0	number of library cache latches
_kgl_message_locks	64	RAC message lock count
_kgl_min_cached_so_count	1	Minimum cached SO count. If > 1 can help find SO corruptions
_kgl_time_to_wait_for_locks	15	time to wait for locks and pins before timing out
_kglsim_maxmem_percent	5	max percentage of shared pool size to be used for KGL advice
_kgsb_threshold_size	16777216	threshold size for base allocator
_kgx_latches	1024	# of mutex latches if CAS is not supported.
_kill_controlfile_enqueue_blocker	TRUE	enable killing controlfile enqueue blocker on timeout
_kill_diagnostics_timeout	60	timeout delay in seconds before killing enqueue blocker
_kill_enqueue_blocker	2	if greater than 0 enables killing enqueue blocker
_kill_java_threads_on_eoc	FALSE	Kill Java threads and do sessionspace migration at end of call
_kill_session_dump	TRUE	Process dump on kill session immediate
_kkfi_trace	FALSE	trace expression substitution
_kks_cached_parse_errors	0	KKS cached parse errors
_kks_free_cursor_stat_pct	10	percentage of cursor stats buckets to scan on each load, in 1/10th of a percent
_kokli_cache_size	128	Size limit of ADT Table Lookup Cache
_kokln_current_read	FALSE	Make all LOB reads for this session 'current' reads
_kolfuseslf	FALSE	allow kolf to use slffopen
_kql_subheap_trace	0	tracing level for library cache subheap level pins
_ksb_restart_clean_time	30000	process uptime for restarts
_ksb_restart_policy_times	0, 60, 120, 240	process restart policy times in seconds
_ksd_test_param	999	KSD test parmeter
_ksdx_charset_ratio	0	ratio between the system and oradebug character set
_ksdxdocmd_default_timeout_ms	30000	default timeout for internal oradebug commands
_ksdxdocmd_enabled	TRUE	if TRUE ksdxdocmd* invocations are enabled
_ksdxw_cini_flg	0	ksdxw context initialization flag
_ksdxw_nbufs	1000	ksdxw number of buffers in buffered mode
_ksdxw_num_pgw	10	number of watchpoints on a per-process basis
_ksdxw_num_sgw	10	number of watchpoints to be shared by all processes
_ksdxw_stack_depth	4	number of PCs to collect in the stack when watchpoint is hit
_kse_die_timeout	60000	amount of time a dying process is spared by PMON (in centi-secs)
_kse_pc_table_size	256	kse pc table cache size
_kse_signature_entries	0	number of entries in the kse stack signature cache
_kse_signature_limit	7	number of stack frames to cache per kse signature
_kse_snap_ring_record_stack	FALSE	should error snap ring entries show a short stack trace
_kse_snap_ring_size	0	ring buffer to debug internal error 17090
_kse_trace_int_msg_clear	FALSE	enables soft assert of KGECLEAERERROR is cleares an interrupt message
_ksfd_verify_write	FALSE	verify asynchronous writes issued through ksfd
_ksi_clientlocks_enabled	TRUE	if TRUE, DLM-clients can provide the lock memory
_ksi_trace		KSI trace string of lock type(s)
_ksi_trace_bucket	PRIVATE	memory tracing: use ksi-private or rdbms-shared bucket
_ksi_trace_bucket_size	8192	size of the KSI trace bucket
_ksm_post_sga_init_notif_delay_secs	0	seconds to delay instance startup at sga initialization (post)
_ksm_pre_sga_init_notif_delay_secs	0	seconds to delay instance startup at sga initialization (pre)
_ksmb_debug	0	ksmb debug flags
_ksmd_protect_mode	off	KSMD protect mode for catching stale access
_ksmg_granule_locking_status	1	granule locking status
_ksmg_granule_size	67108864	granule size in bytes
_ksmg_lock_check_interval		timeout action interval in minutes
_ksmg_lock_reacquire_count	5	repeat count for acquisition of locks
_kspol_tac_timeout	5	timeouts for TAC registerd by kspol
_ksr_unit_test_processes	0	number of ksr unit test processes
_kss_callstack_type		state object callstack trace type
_kss_quiet	FALSE	if TRUE access violations during kss dumps are not recorded
_ksu_diag_kill_time	5	number of seconds ksuitm waits before killing diag
_ksuitm_addon_trccmd		command to execute when dead processes don't go away
_ksuitm_dont_kill_dumper	FALSE	delay inst. termination to allow processes to dump
_ksv_dynamic_flags1	0	ksv dynamic flags 1 - override default behavior
_ksv_max_spawn_fail_limit	5	bg slave spawn failure limit
_ksv_pool_hang_kill_to	0	bg slave pool terminate timeout
_ksv_pool_wait_timeout	600	bg slave pool wait limit
_ksv_spawn_control_all	FALSE	control all spawning of background slaves
_ksv_static_flags1	0	ksv static flags 1 - override default behavior
_ksvppktmode	0	ksv internal pkt test
_ksxp_compat_flags	0	ksxp compat flags
_ksxp_control_flags	0	modify ksxp behavior
_ksxp_diagmode	OFF	set to OFF to disable automatic slowsend diagnostics
_ksxp_disable_clss	0	disable CLSS interconnects
_ksxp_disable_dynamic_loading	FALSE	disable dynamic loadin of lib skgxp
_ksxp_disable_ipc_stats	FALSE	disable ipc statistics
_ksxp_disable_rolling_migration	FALSE	disable possibility of starting rolling migration
_ksxp_dump_timeout	20	set timeout for kjzddmp request
_ksxp_dynamic_skgxp_param		dynamic skgxp parameters
_ksxp_if_config	0	ksxp if config flags
_ksxp_init_stats_bkts	0	initial number arrays for ipc statistics
_ksxp_lwipc_enabled	FALSE	enable lwipc for KSXP
_ksxp_max_stats_bkts	0	max. arrays for ipc statistics
_ksxp_ping_enable	TRUE	disable dynamic loadin of lib skgxp
_ksxp_ping_polling_time	0	max. arrays for ipc statistics
_ksxp_reaping	20	tune ksxp layer reaping limit
_ksxp_reporting_process	LMD0	reporting process for KSXP
_ksxp_send_timeout	300	set timeout for sends queued with the inter-instance IPC
_ksxp_skgxp_compat_library_path		over-ride default location of lib skgxp compat
_ksxp_skgxp_ctx_flags1	0	IPC debug options flags (RAC)
_ksxp_skgxp_ctx_flags1mask	0	IPC debug options flags mask (RAC)
_ksxp_skgxp_dynamic_protocol	4096	IPC protocol override (RAC) (0/-1=*,2=UDP,3=RDS,!0x1000=ipc_X)
_ksxp_skgxp_library_path		over-ride default location of lib skgxp
_ksxp_skgxp_rgn_ports	0	region socket limits (0xFFFFNNXX): F=flags, N=min, X=max
_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param1		ipc ksxp spare parameter 1
_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param2		ipc ksxp spare parameter 2
_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param3		ipc ksxp spare parameter 3
_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param4		ipc ksxp spare parameter 4
_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param5		ipc ksxp spare parameter 5
_ksxp_skgxpg_last_parameter	26	last defined skgxpg parameter - ksxp
_ksxp_stats_mem_lmt	0	limit ipc statistics memory. this parameter is a percentage value
_ksxp_testing	0	KSXP test parameter
_ksxp_unit_test_byte_transformation	FALSE	enable byte transformation unit test
_ksxp_wait_flags	0	tune ksxpwait
_ktb_debug_flags	0	ktb-layer debug flags
_ktc_debug	0	for ktc debug
_ktc_latches	0	number of ktc latches
_ktslj_segext_max_mb	0	segment pre-extension max size in MB (0: unlimited)
_ktslj_segext_retry	5	segment pre-extension retry
_ktslj_segext_warning	10	segment pre-extension warning threshold in percentage
_ktslj_segext_warning_mb	0	segment pre-extension warning threshold in MB
_ktspsrch_maxsc	1024	maximum segments supported by space search cache
_ktspsrch_maxskip	5	space search cache rejection skip upper limit
_kttext_warning	5	tablespace pre-extension warning threshold in percentage
_ktu_latches	0	number of KTU latches
_ku_trace	none	datapump trace parameter
_large_pool_min_alloc	65536	minimum allocation size in bytes for the large allocation pool
_last_allocation_period	5	period over which an instance can retain an active level1 bitmap
_latch_class_0		latch class 0
_latch_class_1		latch class 1
_latch_class_2		latch class 2
_latch_class_3		latch class 3
_latch_class_4		latch class 4
_latch_class_5		latch class 5
_latch_class_6		latch class 6
_latch_class_7		latch class 7
_latch_classes		latch classes override
_latch_miss_stat_sid	0	Sid of process for which to collect latch stats
_latch_recovery_alignment	65534	align latch recovery structures
_ldr_io_size	262144	size of write IOs used during a load operation
_ldr_io_size2	1048576	size of write IOs used during a load operation of EHCC with HWMB
_ldr_pga_lim	0	pga limit, beyond which new partition loads are delayed
_left_nested_loops_random	TRUE	enable random distribution method for left of nestedloops
_lgwr_delay_write	FALSE	LGWR write delay for debugging
_lgwr_io_slaves	0	LGWR I/O slaves
_lgwr_max_ns_wt	1	Maximum wait time for lgwr to allow NetServer to progress
_lgwr_ns_nl_max	1000	Variable to simulate network latency or buffer threshold
_lgwr_ns_nl_min	500	Variable to simulate network latency or buffer threshold
_lgwr_ns_sim_err	0	Variable to simulate errors lgwrns
_lgwr_posts_for_pending_bcasts	FALSE	LGWR posts commit waiters for pending broadcasts
_lgwr_ta_sim_err	0	Variable to simulate errors lgwr true async
_library_cache_advice	TRUE	whether KGL advice should be turned on
_lightweight_hdrs	TRUE	Lightweight headers for redo
_like_with_bind_as_equality	FALSE	treat LIKE predicate with bind as an equality predicate
_limit_itls	20	limit the number of ITLs in OLTP Compressed Tables
_lm_activate_lms_threshold	100	threshold value to activate an additional lms
_lm_asm_enq_hashing	TRUE	if TRUE makes ASM use enqueue master hashing for fusion locks
_lm_batch_compression_threshold	0	GES threshold to start compression on batch messages
_lm_better_ddvictim	TRUE	GES better deadlock victim
_lm_broadcast_res	disable	Enable broadcast of highest held mode of resource.
_lm_broadcast_resname	AD	Trace string of resource type(s)
_lm_cache_allocated_res_ratio	50	ratio of cached over allocated resources
_lm_cache_lvl0_cleanup	0	how often to cleanup level 0 cache res (in sec)
_lm_cache_res_cleanup	25	percentage of cached resources should be cleanup
_lm_cache_res_cleanup_tries	10	max number of batches of cached resources to free per cleanup
_lm_cache_res_options	0	ges resource cache options
_lm_cache_res_skip_cleanup	20	multiple of iniital res cache below which cleanup is skipped
_lm_cache_res_type	TMHWHVDI	cache resource: string of lock types(s)
_lm_checksum_batch_msg	0	GES checksum batch messages
_lm_compression_scheme	zlib	GES compression scheme
_lm_contiguous_res_count	256	number of contiguous blocks that will hash to the same HV bucket
_lm_dd_ignore_nodd	FALSE	if TRUE nodeadlockwait/nodeadlockblock options are ignored
_lm_dd_interval	10	dd time interval in seconds
_lm_dd_max_search_time	180	max dd search time per token
_lm_dd_maxdump	50	max number of locks to be dumped during dd validation
_lm_dd_scan_interval	5	dd scan interval in seconds
_lm_dd_search_cnt	3	number of dd search per token get
_lm_deferred_msg_timeout	163	deferred message timeout
_lm_drm_batch_time	10	time in seconds to wait to batch drm requests
_lm_drm_disable	0	disable drm in different level
_lm_drm_hiload_percentage	200	drm high load threshold percentage
_lm_drm_lowload_percentage	200	drm low load threshold percentage
_lm_drm_max_requests	100	dynamic remastering maximum affinity requests processed together
_lm_drm_min_interval	300	minimum interval in secs between two consecutive drms
_lm_drm_object_scan	TRUE	enable/disable object scan to force full table scan always
_lm_drm_window	0	dynamic remastering bucket window size
_lm_drm_xlatch	0	dynamic remastering forced exclusive latches
_lm_dump_null_lock	FALSE	dump null lock in state dump
_lm_dynamic_lms	FALSE	dynamic lms invocation
_lm_dynamic_load	TRUE	dynamic load adjustment
_lm_enable_aff_benefit_stats	FALSE	enables affinity benefit computations if TRUE
_lm_enq_lock_freelist		Number of ges enqueue element freelist
_lm_enq_rcfg	TRUE	if TRUE enables enqueue reconfiguration
_lm_enqueue_blocker_dump_timeout	120	enqueue blocker dump timeout
_lm_enqueue_blocker_kill_timeout	0	enqueue blocker kill timeout
_lm_enqueue_freelist	3	Number of enqueue freelist
_lm_enqueue_timeout	360	enqueue suggested min timeout in seconds
_lm_file_affinity		mapping between file id and master instance number
_lm_file_read_mostly		mapping between read-mostly file id and master instance number
_lm_free_queue_threshold	0	GES free queue threshold
_lm_freeze_kill_time	30	timeout for killing unfrozen processes in rcfg/drm freeze step
_lm_global_posts	TRUE	if TRUE deliver global posts to remote nodes
_lm_hb_callstack_collect_time	5	hb diagnostic call stack collection time in seconds
_lm_hb_disable_check_list	none	list of process names to be disabled in heartbeat check
_lm_high_load_sysload_percentage	90	high watermark system load percentage
_lm_high_load_threshold	5	high load threshold parameter
_lm_idle_connection_check	TRUE	GES idle connection check
_lm_idle_connection_check_interval	140	GES idle connection check interval time
_lm_idle_connection_instance_check_callout	FALSE	GES idle connection instance check callout
_lm_idle_connection_kill	TRUE	GES idle connection kill
_lm_kill_fg_on_timeout	TRUE	GES kill fg on IPC timeout
_lm_lhupd_interval	5	load and health update interval
_lm_lmd_waittime	8	default wait time for lmd in centiseconds
_lm_lmon_nowait_latch	TRUE	if TRUE makes lmon get nowait latches with timeout loop
_lm_lms	4	number of background gcs server processes to start
_lm_lms_priority_dynamic	TRUE	enable lms priority modification
_lm_lms_rt_threshold		maximum number of real time lms processes on machine
_lm_lms_spin	FALSE	make lms not sleep
_lm_lms_waittime	3	default wait time for lms in centiseconds
_lm_local_hp_enq	TRUE	use static file affinity for HP enqueue mastership
_lm_locks	12000	number of enqueues configured for cluster database
_lm_low_load_percentage	75	low watermark percentage for load threshold
_lm_master_weight	1	master resource weight for this instance
_lm_max_lms	2	max. number of background global cache server processes
_lm_msg_batch_size	8192	GES batch message size
_lm_msg_cleanup_interval	3000	GES message buffer cleanup interval time
_lm_no_lh_check	FALSE	skip load and health check at decision points
_lm_no_sync	TRUE	skip reconfiguration/drm syncr/synca messaging
_lm_node_join_opt	FALSE	cluster database node join optimization in reconfig
_lm_non_fault_tolerant	FALSE	disable cluster database fault-tolerance mode
_lm_num_pt_buckets	8192	number of buckets in the object affinity hash table
_lm_num_pt_latches	128	number of latches in the object affinity hash table
_lm_postevent_buffer_size	256	postevent buffer size
_lm_preregister_css_restype	CF	enqueue type that requires pre-registration to css
_lm_proc_freeze_timeout	70	reconfiguration: process freeze timeout
_lm_process_batching	TRUE	GES implicit process batching for IPC messages
_lm_procs	320	number of client processes configured for cluster database
_lm_psrcfg	TRUE	enable pseudo reconfiguration
_lm_rac_spare_dp1	0	rac parameter dp1
_lm_rac_spare_dp10		rac parameter dp10
_lm_rac_spare_dp2	0	rac parameter dp2
_lm_rac_spare_dp3	0	rac parameter dp3
_lm_rac_spare_dp4	0	rac parameter dp4
_lm_rac_spare_dp5	0	rac parameter dp5
_lm_rac_spare_dp6		rac parameter dp6
_lm_rac_spare_dp7		rac parameter dp7
_lm_rac_spare_dp8		rac parameter dp8
_lm_rac_spare_dp9		rac parameter dp9
_lm_rac_spare_p1	0	rac parameter p1
_lm_rac_spare_p10		rac parameter p10
_lm_rac_spare_p2	0	rac parameter p2
_lm_rac_spare_p3	0	rac parameter p3
_lm_rac_spare_p4	0	rac parameter p4
_lm_rac_spare_p5	0	rac parameter p5
_lm_rac_spare_p6		rac parameter p6
_lm_rac_spare_p7		rac parameter p7
_lm_rac_spare_p8		rac parameter p8
_lm_rac_spare_p9		rac parameter p9
_lm_rcfg_timeout	489	dlm reconfiguration timeout
_lm_rcvinst	TRUE	designated instance to do instance recovery
_lm_rcvr_hang_allow_time	70	receiver hang allow time in seconds
_lm_rcvr_hang_cfio_kill	FALSE	to kill receiver hang at control file IO
_lm_rcvr_hang_check_frequency	20	receiver hang check frequency in seconds
_lm_rcvr_hang_check_system_load	TRUE	examine system load when check receiver health
_lm_rcvr_hang_kill	TRUE	to kill receiver hang
_lm_rcvr_hang_systemstate_dump_level	0	systemstate dump level upon receiver hang
_lm_res_hash_bucket	0	number of resource hash buckets
_lm_res_part	128	number of resource partition configured for gcs
_lm_ress	6000	number of resources configured for cluster database
_lm_send_mode	auto	GES send mode
_lm_send_queue_batching	TRUE	GES send queue message batching
_lm_send_queue_length	5000	GES send queue maximum length
_lm_sendproxy_reserve	25	GES percentage of send proxy reserve of send tickets
_lm_share_lock_opt	FALSE	if TRUE enables share lock optimization
_lm_single_inst_affinity_lock	FALSE	enable single instance affinity lock optimization
_lm_spare_threads	0	number of spare threads to be created by the GPnP master
_lm_spare_undo	0	number of spare undo tablespaces to be created by GPnP master
_lm_sq_batch_factor	2	GES send queue minimum batching factor
_lm_sq_batch_type	auto	GES send queue batching mechanism
_lm_sq_batch_waittick	3	GES send queue batching waittime in tick
_lm_sync_timeout	163	Synchronization timeout for DLM reconfiguration steps
_lm_ticket_active_sendback		Flow control ticket active sendback threshold
_lm_tickets	1000	GES messaging tickets
_lm_tx_delta	16	TX lock localization delta
_lm_use_gcr	TRUE	use GCR module if TRUE
_lm_use_new_defmsgtmo_action	TRUE	use new defered msg queue timeout action
_lm_use_tx_tsn	TRUE	use undo tsn affinity master as TX enqueue master
_lm_validate_pbatch	FALSE	GES process batch validation
_lm_validate_resource_type	FALSE	if TRUE enables resource name validation
_lm_watchpoint_maximum	3	GES number of watchpoints
_lm_watchpoint_timeout	3600	GES maximum time in seconds to keep watchpoint
_lm_xids	352	number of transaction IDs configured for cluster database
_lmn_compression	TRUE	suppl logging for compression enabled
_load_without_compile	none	Load PL/SQL or Database objects without compilation
_local_arc_assert_on_wait	FALSE	Assert whenever local ORL arch waits for space
_local_communication_costing_enabled	TRUE	enable local communication costing when TRUE
_local_communication_ratio	50	set the ratio between global and local communication (0..100)
_local_hang_analysis_interval_secs	3	the interval at which local hang analysis is run
_lock_sga_areas	0	Lock specified areas of the SGA in physical memory
_log_archive_avoid_memcpy	TRUE	log archive avoid memcpy
_log_archive_buffers	10	Number of buffers to allocate for archiving
_log_archive_callout		archival callout
_log_archive_network_redo_size	10	Log archive network redo buffer size used by ARCH
_log_archive_prot_auto_demote	FALSE	log archive protection auto demotion
_log_archive_security_enabled	TRUE	log archive security enabled
_log_archive_strong_auth	TRUE	log archive security strong auth
_log_archive_trace_pids		log archive trace pids parameter
_log_blocks_during_backup	TRUE	log block images when changed during backup
_log_buffer_coalesce	FALSE	Coalescing log buffers for log writes
_log_buffers_corrupt	FALSE	corrupt redo buffers before write
_log_buffers_debug	FALSE	debug redo buffers (slows things down)
_log_checkpoint_recovery_check	0	# redo blocks to verify after checkpoint
_log_committime_block_cleanout	FALSE	Log commit-time block cleanout
_log_deletion_policy	mandatory	archivelog deletion policy for mandatory/all destination
_log_event_queues	0	number of the log writer event queues
_log_file_sync_timeout	10	Log file sync timeout (centiseconds)
_log_io_size	0	automatically initiate log write if this many redo blocks in buffer
_log_max_optimize_threads	128	maximum number of threads to which log scan optimization is applied
_log_parallelism_dynamic	TRUE	Enable dynamic strands
_log_parallelism_max	2	Maximum number of log buffer strands
_log_private_mul	5	Private strand multiplier for log space preallocation
_log_private_parallelism_mul	10	Active sessions multiplier to deduce number of private strands
_log_read_buffer_size	8	buffer size for reading log files
_log_read_buffers	8	Number of log read buffers for media recovery
_log_simultaneous_copies	32	number of simultaneous copies into redo buffer(# of copy latches)
_log_space_errors	TRUE	should we report space errors to alert log
_log_switch_timeout	0	Maximum number of seconds redos in the current log could span
_logout_storm_rate	0	number of processes that can logout in a second
_logout_storm_retrycnt	600	maximum retry count for logouts
_logout_storm_timeout	5	timeout in centi-seconds for time to wait between retries
_long_bcast_ack_warning_threshold	500	threshold for long bcast ack warning messages in ms
_long_log_write_warning_threshold	500	threshold for long log write warning messages in ms
_longops_enabled	TRUE	longops stats enabled
_low_server_threshold	0	low server thresholds
_lowres_drift_allowed_sec	5	allowed lowres timer drift for VKTM
_ltc_trace	0	tracing level for load table conventional
_main_dead_process_scan_interval	0	PMON main dead process scan interval (in seconds)
_master_direct_sends	31	direct sends for messages from master (DFS)
_mav_refresh_consistent_read	TRUE	refresh materialized views using consistent read snapshot
_mav_refresh_double_count_prevented	FALSE	materialized view MAV refreshes avoid double counting
_mav_refresh_opt	0	optimizations during refresh of materialized views
_mav_refresh_unionall_tables	3	# tables for union all expansion during materialized view refresh
_max_aq_persistent_queue_memory	10	max aq persistent queue memory
_max_async_wait_for_catch_up	20	Switchover wait time for async LNS to catch up in seconds
_max_cr_rollbacks	0	Maximum number of CR  rollbacks per block (LMS)
_max_exponential_sleep	0	max sleep during exponential backoff
_max_filestat_tries	10	maximum number of file stat tries
_max_fsu_segments	4096	Maximum segments to track for fast space usage
_max_fsu_stale_time	600	Allowed space usage staleness in seconds
_max_io_size	1048576	Maximum I/O size in bytes for sequential file accesses
_max_large_io	0	IORM:max number of large I/O's to issue
_max_largepage_alloc_time_secs	10	Maximum number of seconds to spend on largepage allocation
_max_lns_shutdown_archival_time	30	Maximum time spent by LNS to archive last log during shutdown
_max_pending_scn_bcasts	8	maximum number of pending SCN broadcasts
_max_protocol_support	10000	Max occurrence protocols supported in a process
_max_reasonable_scn_rate	32768	Max reasonable SCN rate
_max_rwgs_groupings	8192	maximum no of groupings on materialized views
_max_services	150	maximum number of database services
_max_shrink_obj_stats	0	number of segments for which shrink stats will be maintained
_max_sleep_holding_latch	4	max time to sleep while holding a latch
_max_small_io	0	IORM:max number of small I/O's to issue
_max_spacebg_msgs_percentage	50	maximum space management interrupt message throttling
_max_spacebg_slaves	10	maximum space management background slaves
_max_spacebg_tasks	1000	maximum space management background tasks
_media_recovery_read_batch	32	media recovery block read batch
_mem_annotation_pr_lev	0	private memory annotation collection level
_mem_annotation_scale	1	memory annotation pre-allocation scaling
_mem_annotation_sh_lev	0	shared memory annotation collection level
_mem_annotation_store	FALSE	memory annotation in-memory store
_mem_std_extent_size	4096	standard extent size for fixed-size-extent heaps
_memory_broker_log_stat_entries	5	memory broker num stat entries
_memory_broker_marginal_utility_bc	12	Marginal Utility threshold pct for bc
_memory_broker_marginal_utility_sp	7	Marginal Utility threshold pct for sp
_memory_broker_shrink_heaps	15	memory broker allow policy to shrink shared pool
_memory_broker_shrink_java_heaps	900	memory broker allow policy to shrink java pool
_memory_broker_shrink_streams_pool	900	memory broker allow policy to shrink streams pool
_memory_broker_shrink_timeout	60000000	memory broker policy to timeout shrink shared/java pool
_memory_broker_stat_interval	30	memory broker statistics gathering interval for auto sga
_memory_checkinuse_timeintv	30	check inuse time interval
_memory_imm_mode_without_autosga	TRUE	Allow immediate mode without sga/memory target
_memory_initial_sga_split_perc	60	Initial default sga target percentage with memory target
_memory_management_tracing	0	trace memory management activity
_memory_mgmt_fail_immreq	FALSE	always fail immediate mode request
_memory_mgmt_immreq_timeout	150	time in seconds to time out immediate mode request
_memory_nocancel_defsgareq	FALSE	do not cancel deferred sga reqs with auto-memory
_memory_sanity_check	0	partial granule sanity check
_messages	3000	message queue resources - dependent on # processes & # buffers
_mgd_rcv_handle_orphan_datafiles	FALSE	Managed recovery handle orphan datafile situation
_midtier_affinity_clusterwait_threshold	100	cluster wait threshold to enter affinity
_midtier_affinity_goodness_threshold	2000	goodness gradient threshold to dissolve affinity
_minfree_plus	0	max percentage of block space + minfree before we mark block full
_minimal_stats_aggregation	TRUE	prohibit stats aggregation at compile/partition maintenance time
_minimum_blocks_to_shrink	0	minimum number freeable blocks for shrink to be present
_minimum_db_flashback_retention	60	Minimum flashback retention
_minimum_extents_to_shrink	1	minimum number freeable extents for shrink to be present
_mirror_redo_buffers	FALSE	Save buffers for debugging redo corruptions
_mmv_query_rewrite_enabled	TRUE	allow rewrites with multiple MVs and/or base tables
_module_action_old_length	TRUE	Use module and action old length parameter
_mpmt_enabled	FALSE	MPMT mode enabled
_multi_instance_pmr	TRUE	force multi instance or single instance parallel recovery
_multi_join_key_table_lookup	TRUE	TRUE iff multi-join-key table lookup prefetch is enabled
_multiple_instance_recovery	FALSE	use multiple instances for media recovery
_mutex_spin_count	255	Mutex spin count
_mutex_wait_scheme	2	Mutex wait scheme
_mutex_wait_time	1	Mutex wait time
_mv_generalized_oj_refresh_opt	TRUE	enable/disable new algorithm for MJV with generalized outer joins
_mv_refresh_ana	0	what percent to analyze after complete/PCT refresh
_mv_refresh_costing	rule	refresh decision based on cost or on rules
_mv_refresh_delta_fraction	10	delta mv as fractional percentage of size of mv
_mv_refresh_enhanced_dml_detection	ON_RC	enable enhanced detection of DML types from MV log
_mv_refresh_eut	TRUE	refresh materialized views using EUT(partition)-based algorithm
_mv_refresh_force_parallel_query	0	force materialized view refreshes to use parallel query
_mv_refresh_new_setup_disabled	FALSE	materialized view MV refresh new setup disabling
_mv_refresh_no_idx_rebuild	FALSE	avoid index rebuild  as part of the MV refresh
_mv_refresh_pkfk_data_units_opt	auto	control MV refresh based on the assumption of PK-FK data units
_mv_refresh_pkfk_relationship_opt	TRUE	control MV refresh based on the use of PK-FK relationships
_mv_refresh_rebuild_percentage	10	minimum percentage change required in MV to force an indexrebuild
_mv_refresh_selections	TRUE	create materialized views with selections and fast refresh
_mv_refresh_update_analysis	TRUE	materialized view refresh using update analysis
_mv_refresh_use_hash_sj	TRUE	use hash_sj hint in queries
_mv_refresh_use_no_merge	TRUE	use no_merge hint in queries
_mv_refresh_use_stats	FALSE	pass cardinality hints to refresh queries
_mv_refsched_timeincr	300000	proportionality constant for dop vs. time in MV refresh
_mv_rolling_inv	FALSE	create/alter mv uses rolling cursor invalidation instead of immediate
_mwin_schedule	TRUE	Enable/disable Maintenance Window Schedules
_nchar_imp_cnv	TRUE	NLS allow Implicit Conversion between CHAR and NCHAR
_nchar_imp_conv	TRUE	should implicit conversion bewteen clob and nclob be allowed
_ncmb_readahead_enabled	0	enable multi-block readahead for an index scan
_ncmb_readahead_tracing	0	turn on multi-block readahead tracing
_ncomp_shared_objects_dir	/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/dbhome_1/dbs/peshm_PERFOLTP_1	native compilation shared objects dir
_nested_loop_fudge	100	nested loop fudge
_nested_mv_fast_oncommit_enabled	TRUE	nested MV refresh fast on commit allowed
_new_initial_join_orders	TRUE	enable initial join orders based on new ordering heuristics
_new_sort_cost_estimate	TRUE	enables the use of new cost estimate for sort
_newsort_enabled	TRUE	controls whether new sorts can be used as system sort
_newsort_ordered_pct	63	controls when new sort avoids sorting ordered input
_newsort_type	0	specifies options for the new sort algorithm
_nineteenth_spare_parameter		nineteenth spare parameter - string list
_ninth_spare_parameter		ninth spare parameter - integer
_nlj_batching_ae_flag	2	FAE flag type set after restoring to IO batching buffer
_nlj_batching_enabled	1	enable batching of the RHS IO in NLJ
_nlj_batching_misses_enabled	1	enable exceptions for buffer cache misses
_nls_parameter_sync_enabled	TRUE	enables or disables updates to v$parameter whenever an alter session statement modifies various nls parameters
_no_objects	FALSE	no object features are used
_no_or_expansion	FALSE	OR expansion during optimization disabled
_no_recovery_through_resetlogs	FALSE	no recovery through this resetlogs operation
_noseg_for_unusable_index_enabled	TRUE	no segments for unusable indexes if set to TRUE
_notify_crs	TRUE	notify cluster ready services of startup and shutdown
_ns_max_flush_wt	1	Flush wait time for NetServer to flush oustanding writes
_ns_max_send_delay	15	Data Loss Time Bound for NetServer
_num_longop_child_latches	16	number of child latches for long op array
_numa_buffer_cache_stats	0	Configure NUMA buffer cache stats
_numa_trace_level	0	numa trace event
_number_cached_attributes	10	maximum number of cached attributes per instance
_number_cached_group_memberships	32	maximum number of cached group memberships
_obj_ckpt_tracing	0	Enable object checkpoint tracing
_object_number_cache_size	5	Object number cache size
_object_reuse_bast	2	if 1 or higher, handle object reuse
_object_statistics	TRUE	enable the object level statistics collection
_object_stats_max_entries	3072	Maximum number of entries to be tracked per stat
_offline_rollback_segments		offline undo segment list
_ogms_home		GMS home directory
_olap_adv_comp_stats_cc_precomp	20	do additional predicate stats analysis for AW rowsource
_olap_adv_comp_stats_max_rows	100000	do additional predicate stats analysis for AW rowsource
_olap_aggregate_buffer_size	1048576	OLAP Aggregate max buffer size
_olap_aggregate_flags	0	OLAP Aggregate debug flags
_olap_aggregate_function_cache_enabled	TRUE	OLAP Aggregate function cache enabler
_olap_aggregate_max_thread_tuples	5000	OLAP Aggregate max thread tuples creation
_olap_aggregate_min_buffer_size	1024	OLAP Aggregate min buffer size
_olap_aggregate_min_thread_status	64	OLAP Aggregate minimum cardinality of dimensions for thread
_olap_aggregate_multipath_hier	FALSE	OLAP Aggregate Multi-path Hierarhies enabled
_olap_aggregate_statlen_thresh	1024	OLAP Aggregate status array usage threshold
_olap_aggregate_work_per_thread	1024	OLAP Aggregate max work parents
_olap_aggregate_worklist_max	5000	OLAP Aggregate max worklists generated at once
_olap_allocate_errorlog_format	%8p %8y %8z %e (%n)	OLAP Allocate Errorlog Format
_olap_allocate_errorlog_header	Dim      Source   Basis %-8d %-8s %-8b Description -------- -------- -------- -----------	OLAP Allocate Errorlog Header format
_olap_analyze_max	10000	OLAP DML ANALYZE command max cells to analyze
_olap_continuous_trace_file	FALSE	OLAP logging definition
_olap_dbgoutfile_echo_to_eventlog	FALSE	OLAP DbgOutfile copy output to event log (tracefile)
_olap_dimension_corehash_force	FALSE	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Force
_olap_dimension_corehash_large	50000	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Large Threshold
_olap_dimension_corehash_pressure	90	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Pressure Threshold
_olap_dimension_corehash_size	30	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Maximum Memory Use
_olap_eif_export_lob_size	2147483647	OLAP EIF Export BLOB size
_olap_lmgen_dim_size	100	Limitmap generator dimension column size
_olap_lmgen_meas_size	1000	Limitmap generator measure column size
_olap_object_hash_class	3	OLAP Object Hash Table Class
_olap_page_pool_expand_rate	20	OLAP Page Pool Expand Rate
_olap_page_pool_hi	50	OLAP Page Pool High Watermark
_olap_page_pool_hit_target	100	OLAP Page Pool Hit Target
_olap_page_pool_low	262144	OLAP Page Pool Low Watermark
_olap_page_pool_pressure	90	OLAP Page Pool Pressure Threshold
_olap_page_pool_shrink_rate	50	OLAP Page Pool Shrink Rate
_olap_parallel_update_server_num	0	OLAP parallel update server count
_olap_parallel_update_small_threshold	1000	OLAP parallel update threshold for number of small pagespaces
_olap_parallel_update_threshold	1000	OLAP parallel update threshold in pages
_olap_sesscache_enabled	TRUE	OLAP Session Cache knob
_olap_sort_buffer_pct	10	OLAP Sort Buffer Size Percentage
_olap_sort_buffer_size	262144	OLAP Sort Buffer Size
_olap_statbool_corebits	20000000	OLAP Status Boolean max incore bits
_olap_statbool_threshold	8100	OLAP Status Boolean CBM threshold
_olap_table_function_statistics	FALSE	Specify TRUE to output OLAP table function timed statistics trace
_olap_wrap_errors	FALSE	Wrap error messages to OLAP outfile
_olapi_history_retention	FALSE	enable olapi history retention
_olapi_iface_object_history	1000	enable olapi interface object history collection
_olapi_iface_object_history_retention	FALSE	enable olapi interface object history retention
_olapi_iface_operation_history_retention	FALSE	enable olapi interface operation history retention
_olapi_interface_operation_history	1000	enable olapi interface operation history collection
_olapi_memory_operation_history	1000	enable olapi memory alloc/free history collection
_olapi_memory_operation_history_pause_at_seqno	0	enable olapi memory alloc/free history collection pausing
_olapi_memory_operation_history_retention	FALSE	enable olapi memory operation history retention
_olapi_session_history	300	enable olapi session history collection
_olapi_session_history_retention	FALSE	enable olapi session history retention
_old_connect_by_enabled	FALSE	enable/disable old connect by
_ols_cleanup_task	TRUE	Clean up unnecessary entries in OLS sessinfo table
_oltp_compression	TRUE	oltp compression enabled
_oltp_compression_gain	10	oltp compression gain
_omf	enabled	enable/disable OMF
_oneside_colstat_for_equijoins	TRUE	sanity check on default selectivity for like/range predicate
_online_patch_disable_stack_check	FALSE	disable check for function on stack for online patches
_ops_per_semop		the exact number of operations per semop system call
_optim_adjust_for_part_skews	TRUE	adjust stats for skews across partitions
_optim_dict_stats_at_db_cr_upg	TRUE	enable/disable dictionary stats gathering at db create/upgrade
_optim_enhance_nnull_detection	TRUE	TRUE to enable index [fast] full scan more often
_optim_new_default_join_sel	TRUE	improves the way default equijoin selectivity are computed
_optim_peek_user_binds	TRUE	enable peeking of user binds
_optimizer_adaptive_cursor_sharing	TRUE	optimizer adaptive cursor sharing
_optimizer_adjust_for_nulls	TRUE	adjust selectivity for null values
_optimizer_autostats_job	TRUE	enable/disable auto stats collection job
_optimizer_aw_join_push_enabled	TRUE	Enables AW Join Push optimization
_optimizer_aw_stats_enabled	TRUE	Enables statistcs on AW olap_table table function
_optimizer_better_inlist_costing	ALL	enable improved costing of index access using in-list(s)
_optimizer_block_size	8192	standard block size used by optimizer
_optimizer_cache_stats	FALSE	cost with cache statistics
_optimizer_cartesian_enabled	TRUE	optimizer cartesian join enabled
_optimizer_cbqt_factor	50	cost factor for cost-based query transformation
_optimizer_cbqt_no_size_restriction	TRUE	disable cost based transformation query size restriction
_optimizer_ceil_cost	TRUE	CEIL cost in CBO
_optimizer_coalesce_subqueries	TRUE	consider coalescing of subqueries optimization
_optimizer_complex_pred_selectivity	TRUE	enable selectivity estimation for builtin functions
_optimizer_compute_index_stats	TRUE	force index stats collection on index creation/rebuild
_optimizer_connect_by_cb_whr_only	FALSE	use cost-based transformation for whr clause in connect by
_optimizer_connect_by_combine_sw	TRUE	combine no filtering connect by and start with
_optimizer_connect_by_cost_based	TRUE	use cost-based transformation for connect by
_optimizer_connect_by_elim_dups	TRUE	allow connect by to eliminate duplicates from input
_optimizer_correct_sq_selectivity	TRUE	force correct computation of subquery selectivity
_optimizer_cost_based_transformation	LINEAR	enables cost-based query transformation
_optimizer_cost_filter_pred	FALSE	enables  costing of filter predicates in IO cost model
_optimizer_cost_hjsmj_multimatch	TRUE	add cost of generating result set when #rows per key > 1
_optimizer_cost_model	CHOOSE	optimizer cost model
_optimizer_degree	0	force the optimizer to use the same degree of parallelism
_optimizer_dim_subq_join_sel	TRUE	use join selectivity in choosing star transformation dimensions
_optimizer_disable_strans_sanity_checks	0	disable star transformation sanity checks
_optimizer_distinct_agg_transform	TRUE	Transforms Distinct Aggregates to non-distinct aggregates
_optimizer_distinct_elimination	TRUE	Eliminates redundant SELECT DISTNCT's
_optimizer_distinct_placement	TRUE	consider distinct placement optimization
_optimizer_dyn_smp_blks	32	number of blocks for optimizer dynamic sampling
_optimizer_eliminate_filtering_join	TRUE	optimizer filtering join elimination enabled
_optimizer_enable_density_improvements	TRUE	use improved density computation for selectivity estimation
_optimizer_enable_extended_stats	TRUE	use extended statistics for selectivity estimation
_optimizer_enable_table_lookup_by_nl	TRUE	consider table lookup by nl transformation
_optimizer_enhanced_filter_push	TRUE	push filters before trying cost-based query transformation
_optimizer_extend_jppd_view_types	TRUE	join pred pushdown on group-by, distinct, semi-/anti-joined view
_optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing	UDO	optimizer extended cursor sharing
_optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing_rel	SIMPLE	optimizer extended cursor sharing for relational operators
_optimizer_extended_stats_usage_control	192	controls the optimizer usage of extended stats
_optimizer_false_filter_pred_pullup	TRUE	optimizer false predicate pull up transformation
_optimizer_fast_access_pred_analysis	TRUE	use fast algorithm to traverse predicates for physical optimizer
_optimizer_fast_pred_transitivity	TRUE	use fast algorithm to generate transitive predicates
_optimizer_feedback_control		controls the optimizer feedback framework
_optimizer_filter_pred_pullup	TRUE	use cost-based flter predicate pull up transformation
_optimizer_filter_pushdown	TRUE	enable/disable filter predicate pushdown
_optimizer_fkr_index_cost_bias	10	Optimizer index bias over FTS/IFFS under first K rows mode
_optimizer_force_CBQT		force CBQT transformation regardless of cost
_optimizer_free_transformation_heap	TRUE	free transformation subheap after each transformation
_optimizer_full_outer_join_to_outer	TRUE	enable/disable full outer to left outer join conversion
_optimizer_group_by_placement	TRUE	consider group-by placement optimization
_optimizer_ignore_hints	FALSE	enables the embedded hints to be ignored
_optimizer_improve_selectivity	TRUE	improve table and partial overlap join selectivity computation
_optimizer_instance_count	0	force the optimizer to use the specified number of instances
_optimizer_interleave_jppd	TRUE	interleave join predicate pushdown during CBQT
_optimizer_invalidation_period	18000	time window for invalidation of cursors of analyzed objects
_optimizer_join_elimination_enabled	TRUE	optimizer join elimination enabled
_optimizer_join_factorization	TRUE	use join factorization transformation
_optimizer_join_order_control	3	controls the optimizer join order search algorithm
_optimizer_join_sel_sanity_check	TRUE	enable/disable sanity check for multi-column join selectivity
_optimizer_max_permutations	2000	optimizer maximum join permutations per query block
_optimizer_min_cache_blocks	10	set minimum cached blocks
_optimizer_mjc_enabled	TRUE	enable merge join cartesian
_optimizer_mode_force	TRUE	force setting of optimizer mode for user recursive SQL also
_optimizer_multi_level_push_pred	TRUE	consider join-predicate pushdown that requires multi-level pushdown to base table
_optimizer_multiple_cenv		generate and run plans using several compilation environments
_optimizer_multiple_cenv_report	result	control what to report in trace file when run in multi-plan mode
_optimizer_multiple_cenv_stmt	query	control the types of statements that are run in multi-plan mode
_optimizer_native_full_outer_join	FORCE	execute full outer join using native implementaion
_optimizer_nested_rollup_for_gset	100	number of groups above which we use nested rollup exec for gset
_optimizer_new_join_card_computation	TRUE	compute join cardinality using non-rounded input values
_optimizer_null_aware_antijoin	TRUE	null-aware antijoin parameter
_optimizer_or_expansion	DEPTH	control or expansion approach used
_optimizer_or_expansion_subheap	TRUE	Use subheap for optimizer or-expansion
_optimizer_order_by_elimination_enabled	TRUE	Eliminates order bys from views before query transformation
_optimizer_outer_join_to_inner	TRUE	enable/disable outer to inner join conversion
_optimizer_outer_to_anti_enabled	TRUE	Enable transformation of outer-join to anti-join if possible
_optimizer_percent_parallel	101	optimizer percent parallel
_optimizer_purge_stats_iteration_row_count	10000	number of rows to be deleted at each iteration of the stats                   purging process
_optimizer_push_down_distinct	0	push down distinct from query block to table
_optimizer_push_pred_cost_based	TRUE	use cost-based query transformation for push pred optimization
_optimizer_random_plan	0	optimizer seed value for random plans
_optimizer_reuse_cost_annotations	TRUE	reuse cost annotations during cost-based query transformation
_optimizer_rownum_bind_default	10	Default value to use for rownum bind
_optimizer_rownum_pred_based_fkr	TRUE	enable the use of first K rows due to rownum predicate
_optimizer_save_stats	TRUE	enable/disable saving old versions of optimizer stats
_optimizer_search_limit	5	optimizer search limit
_optimizer_self_induced_cache_cost	FALSE	account for self-induced caching
_optimizer_skip_scan_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable index skip scan
_optimizer_skip_scan_guess	FALSE	consider index skip scan for predicates with guessed selectivity
_optimizer_sortmerge_join_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable sort-merge join method
_optimizer_sortmerge_join_inequality	TRUE	enable/disable sort-merge join using inequality predicates
_optimizer_squ_bottomup	TRUE	enables unnesting of subquery in a bottom-up manner
_optimizer_star_tran_in_with_clause	TRUE	enable/disable star transformation in with clause queries
_optimizer_star_trans_min_cost	0	optimizer star transformation minimum cost
_optimizer_star_trans_min_ratio	0	optimizer star transformation minimum ratio
_optimizer_starplan_enabled	TRUE	optimizer star plan enabled
_optimizer_system_stats_usage	TRUE	system statistics usage
_optimizer_table_expansion	TRUE	consider table expansion transformation
_optimizer_trace	none	optimizer trace parameter
_optimizer_transitivity_retain	TRUE	retain equi-join pred upon transitive equality pred generation
_optimizer_try_st_before_jppd	TRUE	try Star Transformation before Join Predicate Push Down
_optimizer_undo_changes	FALSE	undo changes to query optimizer
_optimizer_undo_cost_change	11.2.0.3	optimizer undo cost change
_optimizer_unnest_all_subqueries	TRUE	enables unnesting of every type of subquery
_optimizer_unnest_corr_set_subq	TRUE	Unnesting of correlated set subqueries (TRUE/FALSE)
_optimizer_unnest_disjunctive_subq	TRUE	Unnesting of disjunctive subqueries (TRUE/FALSE)
_optimizer_use_cbqt_star_transformation	TRUE	use rewritten star transformation using cbqt framework
_optimizer_use_feedback	TRUE	optimizer use feedback
_optimizer_use_subheap	TRUE	Enables physical optimizer subheap
_or_expand_nvl_predicate	TRUE	enable OR expanded plan for NVL/DECODE predicate
_oradbg_pathname		path of oradbg script
_oradebug_cmds_at_startup		oradebug commands to execute at instance startup
_oradebug_force	FALSE	force target processes to execute oradebug commands?
_ordered_nested_loop	TRUE	enable ordered nested loop costing
_ordered_semijoin	TRUE	enable ordered semi-join subquery
_orph_cln_interval	1200	qmon periodic interval for removed subscriber messages cleanup
_os_sched_high_priority	1	OS high priority level
_oss_skgxp_udp_dynamic_credit_mgmt	1	OSSLIB enable[!0]/disable[0] dynamic credit mgmt for SKGXP-UDP
_other_wait_event_exclusion		exclude event names from _other_wait_threshold calculations
_other_wait_threshold	0	threshold wait percentage for event wait class Other
_outline_bitmap_tree	TRUE	BITMAP_TREE hint enabled in outline
_parallel_adaptive_max_users	4	maximum number of users running with default DOP
_parallel_blackbox_enabled	TRUE	parallel execution blackbox enabled
_parallel_blackbox_size	16384	parallel execution blackbox bucket size
_parallel_broadcast_enabled	TRUE	enable broadcasting of small inputs to hash and sort merge joins
_parallel_cluster_cache_pct	80	max percentage of the global buffer cache to use for affinity
_parallel_cluster_cache_policy	ADAPTIVE	policy used for parallel execution on cluster(ADAPTIVE/CACHED)
_parallel_conservative_queuing	FALSE	conservative parallel statement queuing
_parallel_default_max_instances	2	default maximum number of instances for parallel query
_parallel_execution_message_align	FALSE	Alignment of PX buffers to OS page boundary
_parallel_fake_class_pct	0	fake db-scheduler percent used for testing
_parallel_fixwrite_bucket	1000	Number of buckets for each round of fix write
_parallel_heartbeat_snapshot_interval	2	interval of snapshot to track px msging between instances
_parallel_heartbeat_snapshot_max	128	maximum number of historical snapshots archived
_parallel_load_bal_unit	0	number of threads to allocate per instance
_parallel_load_balancing	TRUE	parallel execution load balanced slave allocation
_parallel_load_publish_threshold	10	diffrence in percentage controlling px load propagation
_parallel_min_message_pool	0	minimum size of shared pool memory to reserve for pq servers
_parallel_optimization_phase_for_local	FALSE	parallel optimization phase when all slaves are local
_parallel_queuing_max_waitingtime		parallel statement queuing: max waiting time in queue
_parallel_recovery_stopat	32767	stop at -position- to step through SMON
_parallel_replay_msg_limit	4000	Number of messages for each round of parallel replay
_parallel_scalability	50	Parallel scalability criterion for parallel execution
_parallel_server_idle_time	30000	idle time before parallel query server dies (in 1/100 sec)
_parallel_server_sleep_time	10	sleep time between dequeue timeouts (in 1/100ths)
_parallel_slave_acquisition_wait	1	time(in seconds) to wait before retrying slave acquisition
_parallel_statement_queuing	FALSE	parallel statement queuing enabled
_parallel_syspls_obey_force	TRUE	TRUE to obey force parallel query/dml/ddl under System PL/SQL
_parallel_time_unit	10	unit of work used to derive the degree of parallelism (in seconds)
_parallel_txn_global	FALSE	enable parallel_txn hint with updates and deletes
_parallelism_cost_fudge_factor	350	set the parallelism cost fudge factor
_parameter_table_block_size	2048	parameter table block size
_partial_pwise_join_enabled	TRUE	enable partial partition-wise join when TRUE
_partition_large_extents	TRUE	Enables large extent allocation for partitioned tables
_partition_view_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable partitioned views
_passwordfile_enqueue_timeout	900	password file enqueue timeout in seconds
_pct_refresh_double_count_prevented	TRUE	materialized view PCT refreshes avoid double counting
_pdml_gim_sampling	5000	control separation of global index maintenance for PDML
_pdml_gim_staggered	FALSE	slaves start on different index when doing index maint
_pdml_slaves_diff_part	TRUE	slaves start on different partition when doing index maint
_percent_flashback_buf_partial_full	50	Percent of flashback buffer filled to be considered partial full
_pga_large_extent_size	1048576	PGA large extent size
_pga_max_size	1503232000	Maximum size of the PGA memory for one process
_pgactx_cap_stacks	FALSE	capture stacks for setting pgactx
_pivot_implementation_method	CHOOSE	pivot implementation method
_pkt_enable	FALSE	enable progressive kill test
_pkt_pmon_interval	50	PMON process clean-up interval (cs)
_pkt_start	FALSE	start progressive kill test instrumention
_plan_outline_data	TRUE	explain plan outline data enabled
_plan_verify_improvement_margin	150	Performance improvement criterion for evolving plan baselines
_plan_verify_local_time_limit	0	Local time limit to use for an individual plan verification
_plsql_anon_block_code_type	INTERPRETED	PL/SQL anonymous block code-type
_plsql_cache_enable	TRUE	PL/SQL Function Cache Enabled
_plsql_dump_buffer_events		conditions upon which the PL/SQL circular buffer is dumped
_plsql_max_stack_size	0	PL/SQL maximum stack size
_plsql_minimum_cache_hit_percent	20	plsql minimum cache hit percentage required to keep caching active
_plsql_native_frame_threshold	4294967294	Allocate PL/SQL native frames on the heap if size exceeds this value
_plsql_nvl_optimize	FALSE	PL/SQL NVL optimize
_pmon_dead_blkrs_alive_chk_rate_secs	3	rate to check blockers are alive during cleanup (in seconds)
_pmon_dead_blkrs_max_blkrs	200	max blockers to check during cleanup
_pmon_dead_blkrs_max_cleanup_attempts	5	max attempts per blocker while checking dead blockers
_pmon_dead_blkrs_scan_rate_secs	3	rate to scan for dead blockers during cleanup (in seconds)
_pmon_enable_dead_blkrs	TRUE	look for dead blockers during PMON cleanup
_pmon_load_constants	300,192,64,3,10,10,0,0	server load balancing constants (S,P,D,I,L,C,M)
_pmon_max_consec_posts	5	PMON max consecutive posts in main loop
_post_wait_queues_dynamic_queues	40	Post Wait Queues - Num Dynamic Queues
_post_wait_queues_num_per_class		Post Wait Queues - Num Per Class
_pqq_debug_txn_act	FALSE	pq queuing transaction active
_pqq_enabled	TRUE	Enable Resource Manager based Parallel Statement Queuing
_pre_rewrite_push_pred	TRUE	push predicates into views before rewrite
_precompute_gid_values	TRUE	precompute gid values and copy them before returning a row
_pred_move_around	TRUE	enables predicate move-around
_predicate_elimination_enabled	TRUE	allow predicate elimination if set to TRUE
_prescomm	FALSE	presume commit of IMU transactions
_print_refresh_schedule	FALSE	enable dbms_output of materialized view refresh schedule
_private_memory_address		Start address of large extent memory segment
_project_view_columns	TRUE	enable projecting out unreferenced columns of a view
_projection_pushdown	TRUE	projection pushdown
_projection_pushdown_debug	0	level for projection pushdown debugging
_prop_old_enabled	FALSE	Shift to pre 11g propagation behaviour
_protect_frame_heaps	FALSE	Protect cursor frame heaps
_ptn_cache_threshold	0	flags and threshold to control partition metadata caching
_push_join_predicate	TRUE	enable pushing join predicate inside a view
_push_join_union_view	TRUE	enable pushing join predicate inside a union all view
_push_join_union_view2	TRUE	enable pushing join predicate inside a union view
_px_adaptive_offload_pecentage	0	percentage for PQ adaptive offloading of granules
_px_adaptive_offload_threshold	10	threshold (GB/s) for PQ adaptive offloading of granules
_px_async_getgranule	FALSE	asynchronous get granule in the slave
_px_bind_peek_sharing	TRUE	enables sharing of px cursors that were built using bind peeking
_px_broadcast_fudge_factor	100	set the tq broadcasting fudge factor percentage
_px_buffer_ttl	30	ttl for px mesg buffers in seconds
_px_chunklist_count_ratio	8	ratio of the number of chunk lists to the default DOP per instance
_px_compilation_debug	0	debug level for parallel compilation
_px_compilation_trace	0	tracing level for parallel compilation
_px_dump_12805_source	TRUE	enables or disables tracing of 12805 signal source
_px_dynamic_opt	TRUE	turn off/on restartable qerpx dynamic optimization
_px_dynamic_sample_size	50	num of samples for restartable qerpx dynamic optimization
_px_execution_services_enabled	TRUE	enable service-based constraint of px slave allocation
_px_freelist_latch_divisor	2	Divide the computed number of freelists by this power of 2
_px_gim_factor	100	weighted autodop global index maintenance factor
_px_granule_batch_size	10	default size of a batch of granules
_px_granule_randomize	TRUE	enables or disables randomization of parallel scans rowid granules
_px_granule_size	1000000	default size of a rowid range granule (in KB)
_px_hold_time	0	hold px at execution time (unit: second)
_px_index_sampling	200	parallel query sampling for index create (100000 = 100%)
_px_index_sampling_objsize	TRUE	parallel query sampling for index create based on object size
_px_io_process_bandwidth	200	IO process bandwidth in MB/sec for computing DOP
_px_io_system_bandwidth	0	total IO system bandwidth in MB/sec for computing DOP
_px_kxib_tracing	0	turn on kxib tracing
_px_load_factor	300	weighted autodop load factor
_px_load_publish_interval	200	interval at which LMON will check whether to publish PX load
_px_loc_msg_cost	1000	CPU cost to send a PX message via shared memory
_px_max_granules_per_slave	100	maximum number of rowid range granules to generate per slave
_px_max_map_val	32	Maximum value of rehash mapping for PX
_px_max_message_pool_pct	40	percentage of shared pool for px msg buffers range [5,60]
_px_min_granules_per_slave	13	minimum number of rowid range granules to generate per slave
_px_minus_intersect	TRUE	enables pq for minus/interect operators
_px_net_msg_cost	10000	CPU cost to send a PX message over the internconnect
_px_no_granule_sort	FALSE	prevent parallel partition granules to be sorted on size
_px_no_stealing	FALSE	prevent parallel granule stealing in shared nothing environment
_px_nss_planb	TRUE	enables or disables NSS Plan B reparse with outline
_px_numa_stealing_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable PQ granule stealing across NUMA nodes
_px_numa_support_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable PQ NUMA support
_px_partition_scan_enabled	TRUE	enables or disables parallel partition-based scan
_px_partition_scan_threshold	64	least number of partitions per slave to start partition-based scan
_px_proc_constrain	TRUE	reduce parallel_max_servers if greater than (processes - fudge)
_px_pwg_enabled	TRUE	parallel partition wise group by enabled
_px_round_robin_rowcnt	1000	round robin row count to enq to next slave
_px_rownum_pd	TRUE	turn off/on parallel rownum pushdown optimization
_px_send_timeout	300	IPC message  send timeout value in seconds
_px_slaves_share_cursors	0	slaves share cursors with QC
_px_trace	none	px trace parameter
_px_ual_serial_input	TRUE	enables new pq for UNION operators
_px_xtgranule_size	10000	default size of a external table granule (in KB)
_qa_control	0	Oracle internal parameter to control QA
_qa_lrg_type	0	Oracle internal parameter to specify QA lrg type
_query_cost_rewrite	TRUE	perform the cost based rewrite with materialized views
_query_execution_cache_max_size	131072	max size of query execution cache
_query_mmvrewrite_maxcmaps	20	query mmv rewrite maximum number of cmaps per dmap in query disjunct
_query_mmvrewrite_maxdmaps	10	query mmv rewrite maximum number of dmaps per query disjunct
_query_mmvrewrite_maxinlists	5	query mmv rewrite maximum number of in-lists per disjunct
_query_mmvrewrite_maxintervals	5	query mmv rewrite maximum number of intervals per disjunct
_query_mmvrewrite_maxpreds	10	query mmv rewrite maximum number of predicates per disjunct
_query_mmvrewrite_maxqryinlistvals	500	query mmv rewrite maximum number of query in-list values
_query_mmvrewrite_maxregperm	512	query mmv rewrite maximum number of region permutations
_query_on_physical	TRUE	query on physical
_query_rewrite_1	TRUE	perform query rewrite before&after or only before view merging
_query_rewrite_2	TRUE	perform query rewrite before&after or only after view merging
_query_rewrite_drj	TRUE	mv rewrite and drop redundant joins
_query_rewrite_expression	TRUE	rewrite with cannonical form for expressions
_query_rewrite_fpc	TRUE	mv rewrite fresh partition containment
_query_rewrite_fudge	90	cost based query rewrite with MVs fudge factor
_query_rewrite_jgmigrate	TRUE	mv rewrite with jg migration
_query_rewrite_maxdisjunct	257	query rewrite max disjuncts
_query_rewrite_or_error	FALSE	allow query rewrite, if referenced tables are not dataless
_query_rewrite_setopgrw_enable	TRUE	perform general rewrite using set operator summaries
_query_rewrite_vop_cleanup	TRUE	prune frocol chain before rewrite after view-merging
_queue_buffer_max_dump_len	65536	max number of bytes to dump to trace file for queue buffer dump
_rbr_ckpt_tracing	0	Enable reuse block range checkpoint tracing
_rcfg_disable_verify	TRUE	if TRUE disables verify at reconfiguration
_rcfg_parallel_fixwrite	TRUE	if TRUE enables parallel fixwrite at reconfiguration
_rcfg_parallel_replay	TRUE	if TRUE enables parallel replay and cleanup at reconfiguration
_rcfg_parallel_verify	TRUE	if TRUE enables parallel verify at reconfiguration
_rdbms_compatibility	10.1	default RDBMS compatibility level
_rdbms_internal_fplib_enabled	FALSE	enable CELL FPLIB filtering within rdbms
_rdbms_internal_fplib_raise_errors	FALSE	enable reraising of any exceptions in CELL FPLIB
_read_only_violation_dump_to_trace	FALSE	read-only violation dump to trace files
_read_only_violation_max_count	500	read-only violation array max count
_read_only_violation_max_count_per_module	100	read-only violation array per module max count
_readable_standby_sync_timeout	10	readable standby query scn sync timeout
_real_time_apply_sim	0	Simulation value with real time apply
_realfree_heap_max_size	32768	minimum max total heap size, in Kbytes
_realfree_heap_mode	0	mode flags for real-free heap
_realfree_heap_pagesize_hint	65536	hint for real-free page size in bytes
_recoverable_recovery_batch_percent	50	Recoverable recovery batch size (percentage of buffer cache)
_recovery_asserts	FALSE	if TRUE, enable expensive integrity checks
_recovery_percentage	50	recovery buffer cache percentage
_recovery_read_limit	1024	number of recovery reads which can be outstanding
_recovery_skip_cfseq_check	FALSE	allow media recovery even if controlfile seq check fails
_recovery_verify_writes	FALSE	enable thread recovery write verify
_recursive_imu_transactions	FALSE	recursive transactions may be IMU
_recursive_with_max_recursion_level	0	check for maximum level of recursion instead of checking for cycles
_redo_compatibility_check	FALSE	general and redo/undo compatibility sanity check
_redo_read_from_memory	TRUE	Enable reading redo from in-memory log buffer
_redo_transport_compress_all	TRUE	Is ASYNC LNS compression allowed?
_redo_transport_sanity_check	0	redo transport sanity check bit mask
_redo_transport_stall_time	360	I/O stall time before terminating redo transport process
_redo_transport_stall_time_long	3600	long I/O stall time before terminating redo transport process
_redo_transport_stream_test	TRUE	test stream connection?
_redo_transport_stream_writes	TRUE	Stream network writes?
_redo_transport_vio_size_req	4294967294	VIO size requirement
_reduce_sby_log_scan	TRUE	enable standby log scan optimization
_release_insert_threshold	5	maximum number of unusable blocks to unlink from freelist
_reliable_block_sends	TRUE	if TRUE, no side channel on reliable interconnect
_relocation_commit_batch_size	8	ASM relocation commit batch size
_remove_aggr_subquery	TRUE	enables removal of subsumed aggregated subquery
_rep_base_path		base path for EM reports in database
_replace_virtual_columns	TRUE	replace expressions with virtual columns
_reset_maxcap_history	10	reset maxcap history time
_resource_manager_always_off	FALSE	disable the resource manager always
_resource_manager_always_on	TRUE	enable the resource manager always
_resource_manager_plan		resource mgr top plan for internal use
_restore_maxopenfiles	8	restore assumption for maxopenfiles
_restore_spfile		restore spfile to this location
_result_cache_auto_dml_monitoring_duration	15	result cache auto dml monitoring duration
_result_cache_auto_dml_monitoring_slots	4	result cache auto dml monitoring slot
_result_cache_auto_dml_threshold	16	result cache auto dml threshold
_result_cache_auto_dml_trend_threshold	20	result cache auto dml trend threshold
_result_cache_auto_execution_threshold	1	result cache auto execution threshold
_result_cache_auto_size_threshold	100	result cache auto max size allowed
_result_cache_auto_time_distance	300	result cache auto time distance
_result_cache_auto_time_threshold	1000	result cache auto time threshold
_result_cache_block_size	1024	result cache block size
_result_cache_copy_block_count	1	blocks to copy instead of pinning the result
_result_cache_global	TRUE	Are results available globally across RAC?
_result_cache_timeout	10	maximum time (sec) a session waits for a result
_reuse_index_loop	5	number of blocks being examine for index block reuse
_right_outer_hash_enable	TRUE	Right Outer/Semi/Anti Hash Enabled
_rm_cluster_interconnects		interconnects for RAC use (RM)
_rm_numa_sched_enable	FALSE	Is Resource Manager (RM) related NUMA scheduled policy enabled
_rm_numa_simulation_cpus	0	number of cpus for each pg for numa simulation in resource manager
_rm_numa_simulation_pgs	0	number of PGs for numa simulation in resource manager
_rman_io_priority	3	priority at which rman backup i/o's are done
_rman_restore_through_link	FALSE	RMAN restore through link
_rollback_segment_count	0	number of undo segments
_rollback_segment_initial	1	starting undo segment number
_rollback_stopat	0	stop at -position to step rollback
_row_cache_cursors	20	number of cached cursors for row cache management
_row_cr	TRUE	enable row cr for all sql
_row_locking	always	row-locking
_row_shipping_explain	FALSE	enable row shipping explain plan support
_row_shipping_threshold	80	row shipping column selection threshold
_rowsource_execution_statistics	FALSE	if TRUE, Oracle will collect rowsource statistics
_rowsource_profiling_statistics	TRUE	if TRUE, Oracle will capture active row sources in v$active_session_history
_rowsource_statistics_sampfreq	128	frequency of rowsource statistic sampling (must be a power of 2)
_rowsrc_trace_level	0	Row source tree tracing level
_rta_sync_wait_timeout	10	RTA sync wait timeout
_rtc_infeasible_threshold	25	Redo Transport Compression infeasible threshold
_sample_rows_per_block	4	number of rows per block used for sampling IO optimization
_scatter_gcs_resources	FALSE	if TRUE, gcs resources are scattered uniformly across sub pools
_scatter_gcs_shadows	FALSE	if TRUE, gcs shadows are scattered uniformly across sub pools
_sched_delay_max_samples	4	scheduling delay maximum number of samples
_sched_delay_measurement_sleep_us	1000	scheduling delay mesurement sleep us
_sched_delay_os_tick_granularity_us	16000	os tick granularity used by scheduling delay calculations
_sched_delay_sample_collection_thresh_ms	200	scheduling delay sample collection duration threshold ms
_sched_delay_sample_interval_ms	1000	scheduling delay sampling interval in ms
_scn_wait_interface_max_backoff_time_secs	600	max exponential backoff time for scn wait interface in kta
_scn_wait_interface_max_timeout_secs	2147483647	max timeout for scn wait interface in kta
_sdiag_crash	NONE	sql diag crash
_sec_enable_test_rpcs	FALSE	Whether to enable the test RPCs
_second_spare_parameter		second spare parameter - integer
_securefile_timers	FALSE	collect kdlu timers and accumulate per layers
_securefiles_bulkinsert	FALSE	securefiles segment insert only optization
_securefiles_concurrency_estimate	12	securefiles concurrency estimate
_securefiles_fg_retry	100	segment retry before foreground waits
_securefiles_forceflush	FALSE	securefiles force flush before allocation
_securefiles_memory_percentofSGA	20	securefiles memory as percent of SGA
_select_any_dictionary_security_enabled	FALSE	Exclude user$ from SELECT ANY DICTIONARY system privilege
_selectivity_for_srf_enabled	FALSE	enable/disable selectivity for storage reduction factor
_selfjoin_mv_duplicates	TRUE	control rewrite self-join algorithm
_selftune_checkpoint_write_pct	3	Percentage of total physical i/os for self-tune ckpt
_selftune_checkpointing_lag	300	Self-tune checkpointing lag the tail of the redo log
_sem_per_semid		the exact number of semaphores per semaphore set to allocate
_send_ast_to_foreground	AUTO	if TRUE, send ast message to foreground
_send_close_with_block	TRUE	if TRUE, send close with block even with direct sends
_send_requests_to_pi	TRUE	if TRUE, try to send CR requests to PI buffers
_serial_direct_read	auto	enable direct read in serial
_serial_recovery	FALSE	force serial recovery or parallel recovery
_serializable	FALSE	serializable
_serialize_lgwr_sync_io	FALSE	Serialize LGWR SYNC local and remote io
_service_cleanup_timeout	30	timeout to peform service cleanup
_session_allocation_latches	16	one latch per group of sessions
_session_cached_instantiations	60	Number of pl/sql instantiations to cache in a session.
_session_context_size	10000	session app context size
_session_idle_bit_latches	0	one latch per session or a latch per group of sessions
_session_page_extent	2048	Session Page Extent Size
_session_wait_history	10	enable session wait history collection
_set_mgd_recovery_state	0	set mgd recovery state to new value
_seventeenth_spare_parameter		seventeenth spare parameter - string list
_seventh_spare_parameter		seventh spare parameter - integer
_sga_clear_dump	FALSE	Allow dumping encrypted blocks in clear for debugging
_sga_early_trace	0	sga early trace event
_sga_locking	none	sga granule locking state
_shared_io_pool_buf_size	1048576	Shared IO pool buffer size
_shared_io_pool_debug_trc	0	trace kcbi debug info to tracefile
_shared_io_pool_size	0	Size of shared IO pool
_shared_io_set_value	FALSE	shared io pool size set internal value - overwrite zero user size
_shared_iop_max_size	536870912	maximum shared io pool size
_shared_pool_max_size	0	shared pool maximum size when auto SGA enabled
_shared_pool_minsize_on	FALSE	shared pool minimum size when auto SGA enabled
_shared_pool_reserved_min_alloc	4400	minimum allocation size in bytes for reserved area of shared pool
_shared_pool_reserved_pct	5	percentage memory of the shared pool allocated for the reserved area
_shared_server_load_balance	0	shared server load balance
_shared_server_num_queues	2	number of shared server common queues
_shmprotect	0	allow mprotect use for shared memory
_short_stack_timeout_ms	30000	short stack timeout in ms
_show_mgd_recovery_state	FALSE	Show internal managed recovery state
_shrunk_aggs_disable_threshold	60	percentage of exceptions at which to switch to full length aggs
_shrunk_aggs_enabled	TRUE	enable use of variable sized buffers for non-distinct aggregates
_shutdown_completion_timeout_mins	60	minutes for shutdown operation to wait for sessions to complete
_side_channel_batch_size	200	number of messages to batch in a side channel message (DFS)
_side_channel_batch_timeout	6	timeout before shipping out the batched side channelmessages in seconds
_side_channel_batch_timeout_ms	500	timeout before shipping out the batched side channelmessages in milliseconds
_simple_view_merging	TRUE	control simple view merging performed by the optimizer
_simulate_disk_sectorsize	0	Enables skgfr to report simulated disk sector size
_simulate_io_wait	0	Simulate I/O wait to test segment advisor
_simulate_mem_transfer	FALSE	simulate auto memory sga/pga transfers
_simulator_bucket_mindelta	8192	LRU bucket minimum delta
_simulator_internal_bound	10	simulator internal bound percent
_simulator_lru_rebalance_sizthr	5	LRU list rebalance threshold (size)
_simulator_lru_rebalance_thresh	10240	LRU list rebalance threshold (count)
_simulator_lru_scan_count	8	LRU scan count
_simulator_pin_inval_maxcnt	16	maximum count of invalid chunks on pin list
_simulator_reserved_heap_count	4096	simulator reserved heap count
_simulator_reserved_obj_count	1024	simulator reserved object count
_simulator_sampling_factor	2	sampling factor for the simulator
_simulator_upper_bound_multiple	2	upper bound multiple of pool size
_single_process	FALSE	run without detached processes
_siop_flashback_scandepth	20	Shared IO pool flashback io completion scan depth
_siop_perc_of_bc_x100	2500	percentange * 100 of cache to transfer to shared io pool
_sixteenth_spare_parameter		sixteenth spare parameter - string list
_sixth_spare_parameter		sixth spare parameter - integer
_skgxp_ctx_flags1	0	IPC debug options flags (oss)
_skgxp_ctx_flags1mask	0	IPC debug options flags mask (oss)
_skgxp_dynamic_protocol	0	IPC protocol override (!0/-1=*,2=UDP,3=RDS,0x1000=ipc_X)
_skgxp_gen_ant_off_rpc_timeout_in_sec	30	VRPC request timeout when ANT disabled
_skgxp_gen_ant_ping_misscount	3	ANT protocol ping miss count
_skgxp_gen_rpc_no_path_check_in_sec	5	ANT ping protocol miss count
_skgxp_gen_rpc_timeout_in_sec	300	VRPC request timeout when ANT enabled
_skgxp_inets		limit SKGXP networks
_skgxp_min_rpc_rcv_zcpy_len	0	IPC threshold for rpc rcv zcpy operation (default = 0 - disabled)
_skgxp_min_zcpy_len	0	IPC threshold for zcpy operation (default = 0 - disabled)
_skgxp_reaping	1000	tune skgxp OSD reaping limit
_skgxp_rgn_ports	0	region socket limits (0xFFFFNNXX): F=flags, N=min, X=max
_skgxp_spare_param1		ipc oss spare parameter 1
_skgxp_spare_param2		ipc oss spare parameter 2
_skgxp_spare_param3		ipc oss spare parameter 3
_skgxp_spare_param4		ipc oss spare parameter 4
_skgxp_spare_param5		ipc oss spare parameter 5
_skgxp_udp_ach_reaping_time	120	time in minutes before idle ach's are reaped
_skgxp_udp_ack_delay	0	Enables delayed acks
_skgxp_udp_enable_dynamic_credit_mgmt	0	Enables dynamic credit management
_skgxp_udp_hiwat_warn	1000	ach hiwat mark warning interval
_skgxp_udp_interface_detection_time_secs	60	time in seconds between interface detection checks
_skgxp_udp_keep_alive_ping_timer_secs	300	connection idle time in seconds before keep alive is initiated. min: 30 sec max: 1800 sec default: 300 sec
_skgxp_udp_lmp_mtusize	0	MTU size for UDP LMP testing
_skgxp_udp_lmp_on	FALSE	enable UDP long message protection
_skgxp_udp_timed_wait_buffering	1024	diagnostic log buffering space (in bytes) for timed wait (0 means unbufferd
_skgxp_udp_timed_wait_seconds	5	time in seconds before timed wait is invoked
_skgxp_udp_use_tcb	TRUE	disable use of high speek timer
_skgxp_zcpy_flags	0	IPC zcpy options flags
_skgxpg_last_parameter	26	last defined skgxpg parameter - oss
_skip_assume_msg	TRUE	if TRUE, skip assume message for consigns at the master
_skip_trstamp_check	FALSE	Skip terminal recovery stamp check
_slave_mapping_enabled	TRUE	enable slave mapping when TRUE
_slave_mapping_group_size	0	force the number of slave group in a slave mapper
_slave_mapping_skew_ratio	2	maximum skew before slave mapping is disabled
_small_table_threshold	26460	lower threshold level of table size for direct reads
_smm_advice_enabled	TRUE	if TRUE, enable v$pga_advice
_smm_advice_log_size	0	overwrites default size of the PGA advice workarea history log
_smm_auto_cost_enabled	TRUE	if TRUE, use the AUTO size policy cost functions
_smm_auto_max_io_size	248	Maximum IO size (in KB) used by sort/hash-join in auto mode
_smm_auto_min_io_size	56	Minimum IO size (in KB) used by sort/hash-join in auto mode
_smm_bound	0	overwrites memory manager automatically computed bound
_smm_control	0	provides controls on the memory manager
_smm_freeable_retain	5120	value in KB of the instance freeable PGA memory to retain
_smm_isort_cap	102400	maximum work area for insertion sort(v1)
_smm_max_size	734000	maximum work area size in auto mode (serial)
_smm_min_size	1024	minimum work area size in auto mode
_smm_px_max_size	3670016	maximum work area size in auto mode (global)
_smm_retain_size	0	work area retain size in SGA for shared server sessions (0 for AUTO)
_smm_trace	0	Turn on/off tracing for SQL memory manager
_smon_internal_errlimit	100	limit of SMON internal errors
_smon_undo_seg_rescan_limit	10	limit of SMON continous undo segments re-scan
_smu_debug_mode	0	- set debug event for testing SMU operations
_smu_error_simulation_site	0	site ID of error simulation in KTU code
_smu_error_simulation_type	0	error type for error simulation in KTU code
_smu_timeouts		comma-separated *AND double-quoted* list of AUM timeouts: mql, tur, sess_exprn, qry_exprn, slot_intvl
_sort_elimination_cost_ratio	0	cost ratio for sort eimination under first_rows mode
_sort_multiblock_read_count	2	multi-block read count for sort
_sort_spill_threshold	0	force sort to spill to disk each time this many rows are received
_space_align_size	1048576	space align size
_spare_test_parameter	0	Spare test parameter
_spawn_diag_opts	0	thread spawn diagnostic options
_spawn_diag_thresh_secs	30	thread spawn diagnostic minimal threshold in seconds
_spin_count	2000	Amount to spin waiting for a latch
_spr_max_rules	10000	maximum number of rules in sql spreadsheet
_spr_push_pred_refspr	TRUE	push predicates through reference spreadsheet
_spr_use_AW_AS	TRUE	enable AW for hash table in spreadsheet
_spr_use_hash_table	FALSE	use hash table for spreadsheet
_sql_analyze_enable_auto_txn	FALSE	SQL Analyze Autonomous Transaction control parameter
_sql_analyze_parse_model	2	SQL Analyze Parse Model control parameter
_sql_compatibility	0	sql compatability bit vector
_sql_connect_capability_override	0	SQL Connect Capability Table Override
_sql_connect_capability_table		SQL Connect Capability Table (testing only)
_sql_hash_debug	0	Hash value of the SQL statement to debug
_sql_model_unfold_forloops	RUN_TIME	specifies compile-time unfolding of sql model forloops
_sql_ncg_mode	OFF	Optimization mode for SQL NCG
_sql_plan_management_control	0	controls various internal SQL Plan Management algorithms
_sqlexec_progression_cost	1000	sql execution progression monitoring cost threshold
_sqlmon_binds_xml_format	default	format of column binds_xml in [G]V$SQL_MONITOR
_sqlmon_max_plan	320	Maximum number of plans entry that can be monitored. Defaults to 20 per CPU
_sqlmon_max_planlines	300	Number of plan lines beyond which a plan cannot be monitored
_sqlmon_recycle_time	60	Minimum time (in s) to wait before a plan entry can be recycled
_sqlmon_threshold	5	CPU/IO time threshold before a statement is monitored. 0 is disabled
_sqltune_category_parsed	DEFAULT	Parsed category qualifier for applying hintsets
_srvntfn_job_deq_timeout	60	srvntfn job deq timeout
_srvntfn_jobsubmit_interval	3	srvntfn job submit interval
_srvntfn_max_concurrent_jobs	20	srvntfn max concurrent jobs
_srvntfn_q_msgcount	50	srvntfn q msg count for job exit
_srvntfn_q_msgcount_inc	100	srvntfn q msg count increase for job submit
_sscr_dir		Session State Capture and Restore DIRectory object
_sscr_osdir		Session State Capture and Restore OS DIRectory
_sta_control	0	SQL Tuning Advisory control parameter
_stack_guard_level	0	stack guard level
_standby_causal_heartbeat_timeout	2	readable standby causal heartbeat timeout
_standby_flush_mode	SLFLUSH	standby flush mode
_standby_implicit_rcv_timeout	1	minutes to wait for redo during standby implicit recovery
_standby_switchover_timeout	120	Number of secords for standby switchover enqueue timeout
_static_backgrounds		static backgrounds
_statistics_based_srf_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable the use of statistics for storage reduction factor
_step_down_limit_in_pct	1	step down limit in percentage
_streams_pool_max_size	0	streams pool maximum size when auto SGA enabled
_subquery_pruning_cost_factor	20	subquery pruning cost factor
_subquery_pruning_enabled	TRUE	enable the use of subquery predicates to perform pruning
_subquery_pruning_mv_enabled	FALSE	enable the use of subquery predicates with MVs to perform pruning
_subquery_pruning_reduction	50	subquery pruning reduction factor
_switchover_to_standby_option	OPEN_ONE	option for graceful switchover to standby
_switchover_to_standby_switch_log	TRUE	Switchover to standby switches log for open redo threads
_swrf_metric_frequent_mode	FALSE	Enable/disable SWRF Metric Frequent Mode Collection
_swrf_mmon_dbfus	TRUE	Enable/disable SWRF MMON DB Feature Usage
_swrf_mmon_flush	TRUE	Enable/disable SWRF MMON FLushing
_swrf_mmon_metrics	TRUE	Enable/disable SWRF MMON Metrics Collection
_swrf_on_disk_enabled	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable SWRF
_swrf_test_action	0	test action parameter for SWRF
_swrf_test_dbfus	FALSE	Enable/disable DB Feature Usage Testing
_sync_primary_wait_time	5	wait time for alter session sync with primary
_synonym_repoint_tracing	FALSE	whether to trace metadata comparisons for synonym repointing
_sysaux_test_param	1	test parameter for SYSAUX
_system_api_interception_debug	FALSE	enable debug tracing for system api interception
_system_index_caching	0	optimizer percent system index caching
_system_trig_enabled	TRUE	are system triggers enabled
_ta_lns_wait_for_arch_log	20	LNS Wait time for arhcived version of online log
_table_lookup_prefetch_size	40	table lookup prefetch vector size
_table_lookup_prefetch_thresh	2	table lookup prefetch threshold
_table_scan_cost_plus_one	TRUE	bump estimated full table scan and index ffs cost by one
_tablespaces_per_transaction	10	estimated number of tablespaces manipulated by each transaction
_target_rba_max_lag_percentage	81	target rba max log lag percentage
_tdb_debug_mode	16	set debug mode for testing transportable database
_temp_tran_block_threshold	100	number of blocks for a dimension before we temp transform
_temp_tran_cache	TRUE	determines if temp table is created with cache option
_tenth_spare_parameter		tenth spare parameter - integer
_test_ksusigskip	5	test the function ksusigskip
_test_param_1	25	test parmeter 1 - integer
_test_param_2		test parameter 2 - string
_test_param_3		test parameter 3 - string
_test_param_4		test parameter 4 - string list
_test_param_5	25	test parmeter 5 - deprecated integer
_test_param_6	0	test parmeter 6 - size (ub8)
_third_spare_parameter		third spare parameter - integer
_thirteenth_spare_parameter		thirteenth spare parameter - string
_threshold_alerts_enable	1	if 1, issue threshold-based alerts
_timemodel_collection	TRUE	enable timemodel collection
_timeout_actions_enabled	TRUE	enables or disables KSU timeout actions
_timer_precision	10	VKTM timer precision in milli-sec
_total_large_extent_memory	0	Total memory for allocating large extents
_tq_dump_period	0	time period for duping of TQ statistics (s)
_trace_buffer_wait_timeouts	0	trace buffer busy wait timeouts
_trace_buffers	ALL:256	trace buffer sizes per process
_trace_dump_all_procs	FALSE	if TRUE on error buckets of all processes will be dumped to the current trace file
_trace_dump_client_buckets	TRUE	if TRUE dump client (ie. non-kst) buckets
_trace_dump_cur_proc_only	FALSE	if TRUE on error just dump our process bucket
_trace_dump_static_only	FALSE	if TRUE filter trace dumps to always loaded dlls
_trace_events		trace events enabled at startup
_trace_files_public	FALSE	Create publicly accessible trace files
_trace_kqlidp	FALSE	trace kqlidp0 operation
_trace_navigation_scope	global	enabling trace navigation linking
_trace_pin_time	0	trace how long a current pin is held
_trace_pool_size		trace pool size in bytes
_trace_processes	ALL	enable KST tracing in process
_trace_virtual_columns	FALSE	trace virtual columns exprs
_transaction_auditing	TRUE	transaction auditing records generated in the redo log
_transaction_recovery_servers	0	max number of parallel recovery slaves that may be used
_transient_logical_clear_hold_mrp_bit	FALSE	clear KCCDI2HMRP flag during standby recovery
_truncate_optimization_enabled	TRUE	do truncate optimization if set to TRUE
_tsenc_tracing	0	Enable TS encryption tracing
_tsm_connect_string		TSM test connect string
_tsm_disable_auto_cleanup	1	Disable TSM auto cleanup actions
_tstz_localtime_bypass	FALSE	Should TTC not convert to LocalTime to preserve Timestamp with Timezone values
_tts_allow_charset_mismatch	FALSE	allow plugging in a tablespace with an incompatible character set
_twelfth_spare_parameter		twelfth spare parameter - string
_twentieth_spare_parameter		twentieth spare parameter - string list
_two_pass	TRUE	enable two-pass thread recovery
_two_pass_reverse_polish_enabled	TRUE	uses two-pass reverse polish alg. to generate canonical forms
_uga_cga_large_extent_size	262144	UGA/CGA large extent size
_ultrafast_latch_statistics	TRUE	maintain fast-path statistics for ultrafast latches
_undo_autotune	TRUE	enable auto tuning of undo_retention
_undo_block_compression	TRUE	enable undo block compression
_undo_debug_mode	0	debug flag for undo related operations
_undo_debug_usage	0	invoke undo usage functions for testing
_union_rewrite_for_gs	YES_GSET_MVS	expand queries with GSets into UNIONs for rewrite
_unnest_subquery	TRUE	enables unnesting of complex subqueries
_unused_block_compression	TRUE	enable unused block compression
_update_datafile_headers_with_space_information	FALSE	user requested update of datafile headers of locally managed datafiles with space information
_use_adaptive_log_file_sync	TRUE	Adaptively switch between post/wait and polling
_use_best_fit	FALSE	use best fit to allocate space
_use_column_stats_for_function	TRUE	enable the use of column statistics for DDP functions
_use_hybrid_encryption_mode	FALSE	Enable platform optimized encryption in hybrid mode
_use_ism	TRUE	Enable Shared Page Tables - ISM
_use_ism_for_pga	TRUE	Use ISM for allocating large extents
_use_nosegment_indexes	FALSE	use nosegment indexes in explain plan
_use_platform_compression_lib	FALSE	Enable platform optimized compression implementation
_use_platform_encryption_lib	TRUE	Enable platform optimized encryption implementation
_use_realfree_heap	TRUE	use real-free based allocator for PGA memory
_use_seq_process_cache	TRUE	whether to use process local seq cache
_use_vector_post	TRUE	use vector post
_use_zero_copy_io	TRUE	Should network vector IO interface be used for data transfer
_validate_flashback_database	FALSE	Scan database to validate result of flashback database
_validate_readmem_redo	OFF	validate redo blocks read from in-memory log buffer
_vendor_lib_loc		Vendor library search root directory
_verify_fg_log_checksum	FALSE	LGWR verifies redo checksums generated by foreground processes
_verify_flashback_redo	TRUE	Verify that the redo logs needed for flashback are available
_verify_undo_quota	FALSE	TRUE - verify consistency of undo quota statistics
_very_large_object_threshold	500	upper threshold level of object size for direct reads
_very_large_partitioned_table	1024	very_large_partitioned_table
_virtual_column_overload_allowed	TRUE	overload virtual columns expression
_vkrm_schedule_interval	10	VKRM scheduling interval
_vktm_assert_thresh	30	soft assert threshold VKTM timer drift
_wait_breakup_threshold_csecs	600	Wait breakup threshold (in centiseconds)
_wait_breakup_time_csecs	300	Wait breakup time (in centiseconds)
_wait_for_sync	TRUE	wait for sync on commit MUST BE ALWAYS TRUE
_wait_samples_max_sections	40	Wait Samples maximum sections
_wait_samples_max_time_secs	120	Wait Samples maximum time in seconds
_wait_tracker_interval_secs	10	Wait Tracker number of seconds per interval
_wait_tracker_num_intervals	0	Wait Tracker number of intervals
_wait_yield_hp_mode	yield	Wait Yield - High Priority Mode
_wait_yield_mode	yield	Wait Yield - Mode
_wait_yield_sleep_freq	100	Wait Yield - Sleep Frequency
_wait_yield_sleep_time_msecs	1	Wait Yield - Sleep Time (in milliseconds)
_wait_yield_yield_freq	20	Wait Yield - Yield Frequency
_walk_insert_threshold	0	maximum number of unusable blocks to walk across freelist
_watchpoint_on	FALSE	is the watchpointing feature turned on?
_wcr_control	0	Oracle internal test WCR parameter used ONLY for testing!
_windowfunc_optimization_settings	0	settings for window function optimizations
_with_subquery	OPTIMIZER	WITH subquery transformation
_write_clones	3	write clones flag
_xengem_devname	DEFAULT	override default VM GEM device name used by skgvm
_xengem_diagmode	OFF	set to OFF to disable VM GEM support and functionalities
_xengem_enabled	TRUE	Enable OVM GEM support
_xpl_peeked_binds_log_size	8192	maximum bytes for logging peeked bind values for V$SQL_PLAN (0 = OFF)
_xpl_trace	0	Explain Plan tracing parameter
_xsolapi_auto_materialization_bound	20	OLAP API lower bound for auto materialization.
_xsolapi_auto_materialization_type	PRED_AND_RC	OLAP API behavior for auto materialization
_xsolapi_build_trace	FALSE	OLAP API output build info to trace file
_xsolapi_debug_output	SUPPRESS	OLAP API debug output disposition
_xsolapi_densify_cubes	TABULAR	OLAP API cube densification
_xsolapi_dimension_group_creation	OVERFETCH	OLAP API symmetric overfetch
_xsolapi_dml_trace		OLAP API output dml commands and expressions to trace file
_xsolapi_fetch_type	PARTIAL	OLAP API fetch type
_xsolapi_fix_vptrs	TRUE	OLAP API Enable vptr fixing logic in shared server mode
_xsolapi_generate_with_clause	FALSE	OLAP API generates WITH clause?
_xsolapi_hierarchy_value_type	unique	OLAP API hierarchy value type
_xsolapi_load_at_process_start	NEVER	When to load OLAP API library at server process start
_xsolapi_materialization_rowcache_min_rows_for_use	1	OLAP API min number of rows required to use rowcache in query materialization
_xsolapi_materialize_sources	TRUE	OLAP API Enable source materialization
_xsolapi_metadata_reader_mode	DEFAULT	OLAP API metadata reader mode
_xsolapi_odbo_mode	FALSE	OLAP API uses ODBO mode?
_xsolapi_opt_aw_position	TRUE	OLAP API enables AW position and count optimization?
_xsolapi_optimize_suppression	TRUE	OLAP API optimizes suppressions?
_xsolapi_precompute_subquery	TRUE	OLAP API precomputes subqueries?
_xsolapi_remove_columns_for_materialization	TRUE	OLAP API removes columns for materialization?
_xsolapi_set_nls	TRUE	OLAP API sets NLS?
_xsolapi_share_executors	TRUE	OLAP API share executors?
_xsolapi_source_trace	FALSE	OLAP API output Source definitions to trace file
_xsolapi_sql_all_multi_join_non_base_hints		OLAP API multi-join non-base hints
_xsolapi_sql_all_non_base_hints		OLAP API non-base hints
_xsolapi_sql_auto_dimension_hints	FALSE	OLAP API enable automatic dimension hints
_xsolapi_sql_auto_measure_hints	TRUE	OLAP API enable automatic measure hints
_xsolapi_sql_dimension_hints		OLAP API dimension hints
_xsolapi_sql_enable_aw_join	TRUE	OLAP API enables AW join?
_xsolapi_sql_enable_aw_qdr_merge	TRUE	OLAP API enables AW QDR merge?
_xsolapi_sql_hints		OLAP API generic hints
_xsolapi_sql_measure_hints		OLAP API measure hints
_xsolapi_sql_minus_threshold	1000	OLAP API SQL MINUS threshold
_xsolapi_sql_optimize	TRUE	OLAP API enable optimization
_xsolapi_sql_prepare_stmt_cache_size	16	OLAP API prepare statement cache size
_xsolapi_sql_remove_columns	TRUE	OLAP API enable remove unused columns optimizations
_xsolapi_sql_result_set_cache_size	32	OLAP API result set cache size
_xsolapi_sql_symmetric_predicate	TRUE	OLAP API enable symmetric predicate for dimension groups
_xsolapi_sql_top_dimension_hints		OLAP API top dimension hints
_xsolapi_sql_top_measure_hints		OLAP API top measure hints
_xsolapi_sql_use_bind_variables	TRUE	OLAP API enable bind variables optimization
_xsolapi_stringify_order_levels	FALSE	OLAP API stringifies order levels?
_xsolapi_support_mtm	FALSE	OLAP API MTM mapping classes supported?
_xsolapi_suppression_aw_mask_threshold	1000	OLAP API suppression AW mask threshold
_xsolapi_suppression_chunk_size	4000	OLAP API suppression chunk size
_xsolapi_use_models	TRUE	OLAP API uses models?
_xsolapi_use_olap_dml	TRUE	OLAP API uses OLAP DML?
_xsolapi_use_olap_dml_for_rank	TRUE	OLAP API uses OLAP DML for rank?
_xt_coverage	none	external tables code coverage parameter
_xt_trace	none	external tables trace parameter
_xtbuffer_size	0	buffer size in KB needed for populate/query operation
_xtts_allow_pre10	FALSE	allow cross platform for pre10 compatible tablespace
_xtts_set_platform_info	FALSE	set cross platform info during file header read