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How to Flush Single SQL Plan out of Shared Pool

select ADDRESS, HASH_VALUE from V$sqlarea where SQL_ID ='sqlid';



BEGIN
DBMS_SHARED_POOL.PURGE('C0000008F304C620',2219163920,'C');
END;
/



Set linesize 120

select 'on Inst '||inst_id||'   execute DBMS_SHARED_POOL.PURGE('||''''||ADDRESS||','|| HASH_VALUE ||''''||','||''''||'C'||''''||');' "Execute Below to flush PLAN" from GV$SQLAREA where SQL_ID like 'adpk6gy24bh8h'
/

Execute Below to flush PLAN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
on Inst 1   execute DBMS_SHARED_POOL.PURGE('C0000008F304C620,2219163920','C');
on Inst 2   execute DBMS_SHARED_POOL.PURGE('C0000008E71CE550,2219163920','C');

ORA-38301: can not perform DDL/DML over objects in Recycle Bin

SQL> drop tablespace  TBS_EMPTY including contents and datafiles;
drop tablespace  TBS_EMPTY including contents and datafiles
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00604: error occurred at recursive SQL level 1
ORA-38301: can not perform DDL/DML over objects in Recycle Bin

When checked dba_segments there isn't any segment in the tablespaces, then tried clearing the recylebin to ensure all object clearebut that also didn't help. Finally Find out Purge recylebin using Sys user doesn't actually clear anything, neither error out,

You have to use purge dba_recyclebin to clear the contents.


select count(1) from dba_segments where tablespace_name='TBS_EMPTY';

 COUNT(1)

----------
         0

 SELECT ts.name "Tablespace Name", count(1) from recyclebin$ rs, ts$ ts
where ts.ts#=rs.ts#
group by ts.name
/
Tablespace Name                  COUNT(1)
------------------------------ ----------
TBS_EMPTY                             56
TABS001      23
............
..............
...................


SQL> PURGE RECYCLEBIN;
Recyclebin purged.

SELECT ts.name "Tablespace Name", count(1) from recyclebin$ rs, ts$ ts
where ts.ts#=rs.ts#
group by ts.name
/
Tablespace Name                  COUNT(1)
------------------------------ ----------
TBS_EMPTY                             56              <=== still same
TABS001      23
............
..............
...................

Solution :

If you want to clean the recyclebin for all users.

SQL> purge dba_recyclebin;
DBA Recyclebin purged.

OR

if you don't want to purge the recyclebin for all users, use tablespace clause.

SQL > purge TABLESPACE  tablespace_name  ;



SELECT ts.name "Tablespace Name", count(1) from recyclebin$ rs, ts$ ts
where ts.ts#=rs.ts#
 group by ts.name
  /
no rows selected

Once recycle bin is empty , Tablespace can be dropped.

SQL> drop tablespace  TBS_EMPTY including contents and datafiles;
Tablespace dropped.

ORA-12528: TNS:listener: all appropriate instances are blocking new connections

knudwdbs1> rman auxiliary username/password@TNSALIAS

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Dec 28 15:52:05 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00554: initialization of internal recovery manager package failed
RMAN-04006: error from auxiliary database: ORA-12528: TNS:listener: all appropriate instances are blocking new connections


---------------

checking Listener Service using lsnrctl status, also shows All the service with instance with status 'BLOCKED'.


lsnrctl status
===============

Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "+ASM1", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "DBSiteA.qvcuk.local" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "DBUAT1", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "standby.qvcuk.local" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "DBUAT1", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully


Solution

This is because instance is STARTED status, To fix the update the listener.ora file with static registration for the instance.

-------- listner.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = DBUAT_SiteA)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/dbhome_1)
      (SID_NAME = DBUAT1)
    )
)

lsnrctl reload
lsnrctl status

Service "DBUAT_SiteA" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "DBUAT1", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully


Reload listener and check status, as its status registration , Service DBUAT_siteA with instance in unknown status added to listener.


Once the status is UNKNOWN for the instance you should be able to connect.

NFS Mount Issue ORA-27054

Error/Issue:

Database unable to use/create file on NFS mount point faild with following Error:
ORA-27054: NFS file system where the file is created or resides is not mounted with correct options
Additional information: 5
Tue Oct 02 11:20:42 2012
WARNING: NFS file system /oracle_mnt not mounted with correct options
WARNING:Expected NFS mount options: rsize>=32768,wsize>=32768,hard,
WARNING: NFS file system /oracle_mnt not mounted with correct options
WARNING:Expected NFS mount options: rsize>=32768,wsize>=32768,hard,
WARNING: NFS file system /oracle_mnt not mounted with correct options
WARNING:Expected NFS mount options: rsize>=32768,wsize>=32768,hard,
ORA-205 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT...

Problem: 

In the above case , NFS was mounted with default rsize and wsize option and oracle doesn't like any NFS mount write/read size values (wsize) less than 32k.

AIX  /etc/filesystems etntry :

/oracle_mnt:

        dev = /DBA

        mount = true

        vfs = nfs

        nodename = server_name or IP

        options = rw,sort

        type = nfs_mount

which is clearly written to alert.log file with Warning message. 

Solution :

Mount the NFS with correct option , high lighted in the Warning message.  Entry updated to following fixed the problem.

/oracle_mnt:

        dev = /DBA

        mount = true

        vfs = nfs

        nodename = server_name or IP

        options = rw,hard,rsize=32768,wsize=32768

        type = nfs_mount

       

Oracle recommend options are 

rw,bg,hard,nointr,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,tcp,actimeo=0,vers=3,timeo=600

for details Pls refer to 

3.2.6 Checking NFS Mount and Buffer Size Parameters for Oracle Clusterware

Link http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e22489/storage.htm#CWLIN272

Oracle 11g Database Hidden Parameters

Parameter	Value	Description
_4030_dump_bitvec	4095	bitvec to specify dumps prior to 4030 error
_4031_dump_bitvec	67194879	bitvec to specify dumps prior to 4031 error
_4031_dump_interval	300	Dump 4031 error once for each n-second interval
_4031_max_dumps	100	Maximum number of 4031 dumps for this process
_4031_sga_dump_interval	3600	Dump 4031 SGA heapdump error once for each n-second interval
_4031_sga_max_dumps	10	Maximum number of SGA heapdumps
_NUMA_instance_mapping	Not specified	Set of nodes that this instance should run on
_NUMA_pool_size	Not specified	aggregate size in bytes of NUMA pool
_PX_use_large_pool	FALSE	Use Large Pool as source of PX buffers
__db_cache_size	11676942336	Actual size of DEFAULT buffer pool for standard block size buffers
__dg_broker_service_names		service names for broker use
__java_pool_size	67108864	Actual size in bytes of java pool
__large_pool_size	67108864	Actual size in bytes of large pool
__oracle_base	/u01/app/oracle	ORACLE_BASE
__pga_aggregate_target	7516192768	Current target size for the aggregate PGA memory consumed
__sga_target	13958643712	Actual size of SGA
__shared_io_pool_size	0	Actual size of shared IO pool
__shared_pool_size	2013265920	Actual size in bytes of shared pool
__streams_pool_size	0	Actual size in bytes of streams pool
_abort_recovery_on_join	FALSE	if TRUE, abort recovery on join reconfigurations
_accept_versions		List of parameters for rolling operation
_active_instance_count		number of active instances in the cluster database
_active_session_idle_limit	5	active session idle limit
_active_session_legacy_behavior	FALSE	active session legacy behavior
_active_standby_fast_reconfiguration	TRUE	if TRUE optimize dlm reconfiguration for active/standby OPS
_adaptive_direct_read	TRUE	Adaptive Direct Read
_adaptive_direct_write	TRUE	Adaptive Direct Write
_adaptive_fetch_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable adaptive fetch in parallel group by
_adaptive_log_file_sync_high_switch_freq_threshold	3	Threshold for frequent log file sync mode switches (per minute)
_adaptive_log_file_sync_poll_aggressiveness	0	Polling interval selection bias (conservative=0, aggressive=100)
_adaptive_log_file_sync_sched_delay_window	60	Window (in seconds) for measuring average scheduling delay
_adaptive_log_file_sync_use_polling_threshold	200	Ratio of redo synch time to expected poll time as a percentage
_adaptive_log_file_sync_use_postwait_threshold	50	Percentage of foreground load from when post/wait was last used
_add_col_optim_enabled	TRUE	Allows new add column optimization
_add_stale_mv_to_dependency_list	TRUE	add stale mv to dependency list
_add_trim_for_nlssort	TRUE	add trimming for fixed char semantics
_addm_auto_enable	TRUE	governs whether ADDM gets run automatically after every AWR snapshot
_addm_skiprules		comma-separated list of ADDM nodes to skip
_addm_version_check	TRUE	governs whether ADDM checks the input AWR snapshot version
_adjust_literal_replacement	FALSE	If TRUE, we will adjust the SQL/PLUS output
_adr_migrate_runonce	TRUE	Enable/disable ADR Migrate Runonce action
_affinity_on	TRUE	enable/disable affinity at run time
_aged_out_cursor_cache_time	300	number of seconds an aged out session cached cursor stay in cache
_aggregation_optimization_settings	0	settings for aggregation optimizations
_aiowait_timeouts	100	Number of aiowait timeouts before error is reported
_alert_expiration	604800	seconds before an alert message is moved to exception queue
_alert_message_cleanup	1	Enable Alert Message Cleanup
_alert_message_purge	1	Enable Alert Message Purge
_alert_post_background	1	Enable Background Alert Posting
_all_shared_dblinks		treat all dblinks as shared
_allocate_creation_order	FALSE	should files be examined in creation order during allocation
_allocation_update_interval	3	interval at which successful search in L1 should be updated
_allow_cell_smart_scan_attr	TRUE	Allow checking smart_scan_capable Attr
_allow_commutativity	TRUE	allow for commutativity of +, * when comparing expressions
_allow_compatibility_adv_w_grp	FALSE	allow advancing DB compatibility with guaranteed restore points
_allow_drop_snapshot_standby_grsp	FALSE	Allow dropping snapshot standby guaranteed restore point
_allow_drop_ts_with_grp	FALSE	Allow drop Tablespace with guaranteed restore points
_allow_error_simulation	FALSE	Allow error simulation for testing
_allow_level_without_connect_by	FALSE	allow level without connect by
_allow_read_only_corruption	FALSE	allow read-only open even if database is corrupt
_allow_resetlogs_corruption	FALSE	allow resetlogs even if it will cause corruption
_allow_terminal_recovery_corruption	FALSE	Finish terminal recovery even if it may cause corruption
_alternate_iot_leaf_block_split_points	TRUE	enable alternate index-organized table leaf-block split-points
_always_anti_join	CHOOSE	always use this method for anti-join when possible
_always_semi_join	CHOOSE	always use this method for semi-join when possible
_always_star_transformation	FALSE	always favor use of star transformation
_and_pruning_enabled	TRUE	allow partition pruning based on multiple mechanisms
_app_ctx_vers	FALSE	enable app ctx versioning
_appqos_qt	10	System Queue time retrieval interval
_aq_max_scan_delay	1500	Maximum allowable scan delay for AQ indexes and IOTs
_aq_tm_deqcountinterval	0	dequeue count interval for Time Managers to cleanup DEQ IOT BLOCKS
_aq_tm_scanlimit	0	scan limit for Time Managers to clean up IOT
_aq_tm_statistics_duration	0	statistics collection window duration
_arch_comp_dbg_scan	0	archive compression scan debug
_arch_comp_dec_block_check_dump	1	decompress archive compression blocks for checking and dumping
_arch_compress_checksums	FALSE	enable/disable row checksums for archive compressed blocks
_arch_compression	TRUE	archive compression enabled
_arch_io_slaves	0	ARCH I/O slaves
_arch_sim_mode	0	Change behavior of local archiving
_array_update_vector_read_enabled	FALSE	Enable array update vector read
_ash_compression_enable	TRUE	To enable or disable string compression in ASH
_ash_disk_filter_ratio	10	Ratio of the number of in-memory samples to the number of samples actually written to disk
_ash_disk_write_enable	TRUE	To enable or disable Active Session History flushing
_ash_dummy_test_param	0	Oracle internal dummy ASH parameter used ONLY for testing!
_ash_eflush_trigger	66	The percentage above which if the in-memory ASH is full the emergency flusher will be triggered
_ash_enable	TRUE	To enable or disable Active Session sampling and flushing
_ash_min_mmnl_dump	90	Minimum Time interval passed to consider MMNL Dump
_ash_sample_all	FALSE	To enable or disable sampling every connected session including ones waiting for idle waits
_ash_sampling_interval	1000	Time interval between two successive Active Session samples in millisecs
_ash_size	1048618	To set the size of the in-memory Active Session History buffers
_asm_acd_chunks	1	initial ACD chunks created
_asm_admin_with_sysdba	FALSE	Does the sysdba role have administrative privileges on ASM?
_asm_allow_appliance_dropdisk_noforce	FALSE	Allow DROP DISK/FAILUREGROUP NOFORCE on ASM Appliances
_asm_allow_lvm_resilvering	TRUE	Enable disk resilvering for external redundancy
_asm_allow_only_raw_disks	TRUE	Discovery only raw devices
_asm_allow_system_alias_rename	FALSE	if system alias renaming is allowed
_asm_appliance_config_file		Appliance configuration file name
_asm_ausize	1048576	allocation unit size
_asm_automatic_rezone	TRUE	automatically rebalance free space across zones
_asm_avoid_pst_scans	TRUE	Avoid PST Scans
_asm_blksize	4096	metadata block size
_asm_check_for_misbehaving_cf_clients	FALSE	check for misbehaving CF-holding clients
_asm_compatibility	10.1	default ASM compatibility level
_asm_dba_batch	500000	ASM Disk Based Allocation Max Batch Size
_asm_dba_threshold	0	ASM Disk Based Allocation Threshold
_asm_dbmsdg_nohdrchk	FALSE	dbms_diskgroup.checkfile does not check block headers
_asm_diag_dead_clients	FALSE	diagnostics for dead clients
_asm_direct_con_expire_time	120	Expire time for idle direct connection to ASM instance
_asm_disable_amdu_dump	FALSE	Disable AMDU dump
_asm_disable_async_msgs	FALSE	disable async intra-instance messaging
_asm_disable_multiple_instance_check	FALSE	Disable checking for multiple ASM instances on a given node
_asm_disable_profilediscovery	FALSE	disable profile query for discovery
_asm_disable_smr_creation	FALSE	Do Not create smr
_asm_disk_repair_time	14400	seconds to wait before dropping a failing disk
_asm_emulate_nfs_disk	FALSE	Emulate NFS disk test event
_asm_emulmax	10000	max number of concurrent disks to emulate I/O errors
_asm_emultimeout	0	timeout before emulation begins (in 3s ticks)
_asm_evenread	0	ASM Even Read level
_asm_evenread_alpha	0	ASM Even Read Alpha
_asm_evenread_alpha2	0	ASM Even Read Second Alpha
_asm_evenread_faststart	0	ASM Even Read Fast Start Threshold
_asm_fail_random_rx	FALSE	Randomly fail some RX enqueue gets
_asm_fob_tac_frequency	9	Timeout frequency for FOB cleanup
_asm_force_quiesce	FALSE	Force diskgroup quiescing
_asm_hbeatiowait	15	number of secs to wait for PST Async Hbeat IO return
_asm_hbeatwaitquantum	2	quantum used to compute time-to-wait for a PST Hbeat check
_asm_imbalance_tolerance	3	hundredths of a percentage of inter-disk imbalance to tolerate
_asm_instlock_quota	0	ASM Instance Lock Quota
_asm_iostat_latch_count	31	ASM I/O statistics latch count
_asm_kfdpevent	0	KFDP event
_asm_kfioevent	0	KFIO event
_asm_kill_unresponsive_clients	TRUE	kill unresponsive ASM clients
_asm_libraries	ufs	library search order for discovery
_asm_log_scale_rebalance	FALSE	Rebalance power uses logarithmic scale
_asm_lsod_bucket_size	13	ASM lsod bucket size
_asm_max_cod_strides	5	maximum number of COD strides
_asm_max_redo_buffer_size	2097152	asm maximum redo buffer size
_asm_maxio	1048576	Maximum size of individual I/O request
_asm_partner_target_disk_part	8	target maximum number of disk partners for repartnering
_asm_partner_target_fg_rel	4	target maximum number of failure group relationships for repartnering
_asm_primary_load	1	Number of cycles/extents to load for non-mirrored files
_asm_primary_load_cycles	TRUE	True if primary load is in cycles, false if extent counts
_asm_random_zone	FALSE	Random zones for new files
_asm_rebalance_plan_size	120	maximum rebalance work unit
_asm_rebalance_space_errors	4	number of out of space errors allowed before aborting rebalance
_asm_repairquantum	60	quantum (in 3s) used to compute elapsed time for disk drop
_asm_reserve_slaves	TRUE	reserve ASM slaves for CF txns
_asm_root_directory	ASM	ASM default root directory
_asm_runtime_capability_volume_support	FALSE	runtime capability for volume support returns supported
_asm_secondary_load	10000	Number of cycles/extents to load for mirrored files
_asm_secondary_load_cycles	FALSE	True if secondary load is in cycles, false if extent counts
_asm_serialize_volume_rebalance	FALSE	Serialize volume rebalance
_asm_shadow_cycle	3	Inverse shadow cycle requirement
_asm_skip_rename_check	FALSE	skip the checking of the clients for s/w compatibility for rename
_asm_skip_resize_check	FALSE	skip the checking of the clients for s/w compatibility for resize
_asm_storagemaysplit	FALSE	PST Split Possible
_asm_stripesize	131072	ASM file stripe size
_asm_stripewidth	8	ASM file stripe width
_asm_sync_rebalance	FALSE	Rebalance uses sync I/O
_asm_usd_batch	64	ASM USD Update Max Batch Size
_asm_wait_time	18	Max/imum time to wait before asmb exits
_asmlib_test	0	Osmlib test event
_asmsid	asm	ASM instance id
_assm_default	TRUE	ASSM default
_assm_force_fetchmeta	FALSE	enable metadata block fetching in ASSM segment scan
_assm_high_gsp_threshold	11024	Number of blocks rejected before growing segment
_assm_low_gsp_threshold	10000	Number of blocks rejected before collecting stats
_async_recovery_claims	TRUE	if TRUE, issue recovery claims asynchronously
_async_recovery_reads	TRUE	if TRUE, issue recovery reads asynchronously
_async_ts_threshold	1	check tablespace thresholds asynchronously
_auto_assign_cg_for_sessions	FALSE	auto assign CGs for sessions
_auto_bmr	enabled	enable/disable Auto BMR
_auto_bmr_bg_time	3600	Auto BMR Process Run Time
_auto_bmr_fc_time	60	Auto BMR Flood Control Time
_auto_bmr_pub_timeout	10	Auto BMR Publish Timeout
_auto_bmr_req_timeout	60	Auto BMR Requester Timeout
_auto_bmr_sess_threshold	30	Auto BMR Request Session Threshold
_auto_bmr_sys_threshold	100	Auto BMR Request System Threshold
_auto_manage_enable_offline_check	TRUE	perodically check for OFFLINE disks and attempt to ONLINE
_auto_manage_exadata_disks	TRUE	Automate Exadata disk management
_auto_manage_infreq_tout	0	TEST: Set infrequent timeout action to run at this interval, unit is seconds
_auto_manage_ioctl_bufsz	8192	oss_ioctl buffer size, to read and respond to cell notifications
_auto_manage_max_online_tries	3	Max. attempts to auto ONLINE an ASM disk
_auto_manage_num_pipe_msgs	1000	Max. number of out-standing msgs in the KXDAM pipe
_auto_manage_num_tries	2	Num. tries before giving up on a automation operation
_auto_manage_online_tries_expire_time	86400	Allow Max. attempts to auto ONLINE an ASM disk after lapsing this time (unit in seconds)
_automatic_maintenance_test	0	Enable AUTOTASK Test Mode
_automemory_broker_interval	3	memory broker statistics gathering interval for auto memory
_autotask_max_window	480	Maximum Logical Maintenance Window Length in minutes
_autotask_min_window	15	Minimum Maintenance Window Length in minutes
_autotune_gtx_idle_time	600	idle time to trigger auto-shutdown a gtx background process
_autotune_gtx_interval	5	interval to autotune global transaction background processes
_autotune_gtx_threshold	60	auto-tune threshold for degree of global transaction concurrency
_available_core_count	0	number of cores for this instance
_avoid_prepare	TRUE	if TRUE, do not prepare a buffer when the master is local
_awr_corrupt_mode	FALSE	AWR Corrupt Mode
_awr_disabled_flush_tables		Disable flushing of specified AWR tables
_awr_flush_threshold_metrics	TRUE	Enable/Disable Flushing AWR Threshold Metrics
_awr_flush_workload_metrics	FALSE	Enable/Disable Flushing AWR Workload Metrics
_awr_mmon_cpuusage	TRUE	Enable/disable AWR MMON CPU Usage Tracking
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_extent	7	Set extent of rows to check each deep purge run
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_interval	7	Set interval for deep purge of AWR contents
_awr_mmon_deep_purge_numrows	5000	Set max number of rows per table to delete each deep purge run
_awr_restrict_mode	FALSE	AWR Restrict Mode
_awr_sql_child_limit	200	Setting for AWR SQL Child Limit
_b_tree_bitmap_plans	TRUE	enable the use of bitmap plans for tables w. only B-tree indexes
_backup_align_write_io	TRUE	align backup write I/Os
_backup_automatic_retry	10	automatic retry on backup write errors
_backup_disk_bufcnt	0	number of buffers used for DISK channels
_backup_disk_bufsz	0	size of buffers used for DISK channels
_backup_disk_io_slaves	0	BACKUP Disk I/O slaves
_backup_dynamic_buffers	TRUE	dynamically compute backup/restore buffer sizes
_backup_encrypt_opt_mode	4294967294	specifies encryption block optimization mode
_backup_file_bufcnt	0	number of buffers used for file access
_backup_file_bufsz	0	size of buffers used for file access
_backup_io_pool_size	1048576	memory to reserve from the large pool
_backup_kgc_blksiz	9	specifies buffer size to be used by HIGH compression
_backup_kgc_bufsz	0	specifies buffer size to be used by BASIC compression
_backup_kgc_memlevel	8	specifies memory level for MEDIUM compression
_backup_kgc_niters	0	specifies number of iterations done by BASIC compression
_backup_kgc_perflevel	1	specifies compression (performance) level for MEDIUM compression
_backup_kgc_scheme	ZLIB	specifies compression scheme
_backup_kgc_type	0	specifies compression type used by kgc BASIC compression
_backup_kgc_windowbits	15	specifies window size for MEDIUM compression
_backup_ksfq_bufcnt	0	number of buffers used for backup/restore
_backup_ksfq_bufcnt_max	64	maximum number of buffers used for backup/restore
_backup_ksfq_bufsz	0	size of buffers used for backup/restore
_backup_lzo_size	262144	specifies buffer size for LOW compression
_backup_max_gap_size	4294967294	largest gap in an incremental/optimized backup buffer, in bytes
_backup_seq_bufcnt	0	number of buffers used for non-DISK channels
_backup_seq_bufsz	0	size of buffers used for non-DISK channels
_bct_bitmaps_per_file	8	number of bitmaps to store for each datafile
_bct_buffer_allocation_max	104857600	maximum size of all change tracking buffer allocations, in bytes
_bct_buffer_allocation_min_extents	1	mininum number of extents to allocate per buffer allocation
_bct_buffer_allocation_size	2097152	size of one change tracking buffer allocation, in bytes
_bct_chunk_size	0	change tracking datafile chunk size, in bytes
_bct_crash_reserve_size	262144	change tracking reserved crash recovery SGA space, in bytes
_bct_file_block_size	0	block size of change tracking file, in bytes
_bct_file_extent_size	0	extent size of change tracking file, in bytes
_bct_fixtab_file		change tracking file for fixed tables
_bct_health_check_interval	60	CTWR health check interval (seconds), zero to disable
_bct_initial_private_dba_buffer_size	0	initial number of entries in the private change tracking dba buffers
_bct_public_dba_buffer_size	0	total size of all public change tracking dba buffers, in bytes
_bitmap_or_improvement_enabled	TRUE	controls extensions to partition pruning for general predicates
_block_sample_readahead_prob_threshold	10	controls readahead value during block sampling
_blocking_sess_graph_cache_size		blocking session graph cache size in bytes
_blocks_per_cache_server	32	number of consecutive blocks per global cache server
_bloom_filter_debug	0	debug level for bloom filtering
_bloom_filter_enabled	TRUE	enables or disables bloom filter
_bloom_folding_density	16	bloom filter folding density lower bound
_bloom_folding_enabled	TRUE	Enable folding of bloom filter
_bloom_folding_min	131072	bloom filter folding size lower bound
_bloom_max_size	268435456	bloom filter maximum size in bytes
_bloom_minmax_enabled	TRUE	enable or disable bloom min max filtering
_bloom_predicate_enabled	TRUE	enables or disables bloom filter predicate pushdown
_bloom_predicate_pushdown_to_storage	TRUE	enables or disables bloom filter predicate pushdown to storage
_bloom_pruning_enabled	TRUE	Enable partition pruning using bloom filtering
_bloom_pushing_max	512	bloom filter pushing size upper bound
_bloom_pushing_total_max	262144	bloom filter combined pushing size (DOP x filter size) upper bound
_bloom_vector_elements	0	number of elements in a bloom filter vector
_bmr_prefered_standby		standby db_unique_name prefered for standby BMR
_branch_tagging	TRUE	enable branch tagging for distributed transaction
_broadcast_scn_wait_timeout	10	broadcast-on-commit scn wait timeout in centiseconds
_bsln_adaptive_thresholds_enabled	TRUE	Adaptive Thresholds Enabled
_bt_mmv_query_rewrite_enabled	TRUE	allow rewrites with multiple MVs and base tables
_buffer_busy_wait_timeout	100	buffer busy wait time in centiseconds
_buffered_message_spill_age	300	Buffered message spill age
_buffered_publisher_flow_control_threshold	0	Flow control threshold for buffered publishers except capture
_bufq_stop_flow_control	FALSE	Stop enforcing flow control for buffered queues
_build_deferred_mv_skipping_mvlog_update	TRUE	DEFERRED MV creation skipping MV log setup update
_bump_highwater_mark_count	0	how many blocks should we allocate per free list on advancing HWM
_bwr_for_flushed_pi	TRUE	if TRUE, generate a BWR for a flushed PI
_bypass_srl_for_so_eor	FALSE	bypass SRL for S/O EOR logs
_bypass_xplatform_error	FALSE	bypass datafile header cross-platform-compliance errors
_cache_stats_monitor	FALSE	if TRUE, enable cache stats monitoring
_capture_buffer_size	65536	To set the size of the PGA I/O recording buffers
_capture_publisher_flow_control_threshold	0	Flow control threshold for capture publishers
_case_sensitive_logon	TRUE	case sensitive logon enabled
_causal_standby_wait_timeout	20	Causal standby wait timeout
_cdc_subscription_owner		Change Data Capture subscription_owner
_cdmp_diagnostic_level	2	cdmp directory diagnostic level
_cell_fast_file_create	TRUE	Allow optimized file creation path for Cells
_cell_fast_file_restore	TRUE	Allow optimized rman restore for Cells
_cell_file_format_chunk_size	0	Cell file format chunk size in MB
_cell_index_scan_enabled	TRUE	enable CELL processing of index FFS
_cell_offload_capabilities_enabled	1	specifies capability table to load
_cell_offload_hybridcolumnar	TRUE	Query offloading of hybrid columnar compressed tables to exadata
_cell_offload_predicate_reordering_enabled	FALSE	enable out-of-order SQL processing offload to cells
_cell_offload_timezone	TRUE	enable timezone related SQL processing offload to cells
_cell_offload_virtual_columns	TRUE	enable offload of predicates on virtual columns to cells
_cell_range_scan_enabled	TRUE	enable CELL processing of index range scans
_cell_storidx_mode	EVA	Cell Storage Index mode
_cgs_allgroup_poll_time	20000	CGS DBALL group polling interval in milli-seconds
_cgs_dball_group_registration	local	CGS DBALL group registration type
_cgs_dbgroup_poll_time	600	CGS DB group polling interval in milli-seconds
_cgs_health_check_in_reconfig	TRUE	CGS health check during reconfiguration
_cgs_node_kill_escalation	TRUE	CGS node kill escalation to CSS
_cgs_node_kill_escalation_wait	0	CGS wait time to escalate node kill to CSS in seconds
_cgs_reconfig_extra_wait	3	CGS reconfiguration extra wait time for CSS in seconds
_cgs_reconfig_timeout	0	CGS reconfiguration timeout interval
_cgs_send_timeout	300	CGS send timeout value
_cgs_tickets	1000	CGS messaging tickets
_cgs_zombie_member_kill_wait	20	CGS zombie member kill wait time in seconds
_change_vector_buffers	1	Number of change vector buffers for media recovery
_check_block_after_checksum	TRUE	perform block check after checksum if both are turned on
_check_block_new_invariant_for_flashback	FALSE	check block new invariant for flashback
_check_column_length	TRUE	check column length
_check_ts_threshold	0	check tablespace thresholds
_cleanup_rollback_entries	100	no. of undo entries to apply per transaction cleanup
_cleanup_timeout	150	timeout value for PMON cleanup
_cleanup_timeout_flags	2	flags for PMON cleanup timeout
_clear_buffer_before_reuse	FALSE	Always zero-out buffer before reuse for security
_client_ntfn_cleanup_interval	2400	interval after which dead client registration cleanup task repeats
_client_ntfn_pinginterval	75	time between pings to unreachable notification clients
_client_ntfn_pingretries	6	number of times to ping unreachable notification clients
_client_ntfn_pingtimeout	30000	timeout to connect to unreachable notification clients
_client_result_cache_bypass	FALSE	bypass the client result cache
_client_tstz_error_check	TRUE	Should Client give error for suspect Timestamp with Timezone operations
_close_cached_open_cursors	FALSE	close cursors cached by PL/SQL at each commit
_close_deq_by_cond_curs	FALSE	Close Dequeue By Condition Cursors
_cluster_library	clss	cluster library selection
_clusterwide_global_transactions	TRUE	enable/disable clusterwide global transactions
_collapse_wait_history	FALSE	collapse wait history
_collect_undo_stats	TRUE	Collect Statistics v$undostat
_column_compression_factor	0	Column compression ratio
_column_elimination_off	FALSE	turn off predicate-only column elimination
_column_tracking_level	1	column usage tracking
_compilation_call_heap_extent_size	16384	Size of the compilation call heaps extents
_complex_view_merging	TRUE	enable complex view merging
_compression_above_cache	0	number of recompression above cache for sanity check
_compression_advisor	0	Compression advisor
_compression_chain	90	percentage of chained rows allowed for Compression
_compression_compatibility	11.2.0.3.0	Compression compatability
_connect_by_use_union_all	TRUE	use union all for connect by
_connection_broker_host		connection broker host for listen address
_controlfile_autobackup_delay	300	time delay (in seconds) for performing controlfile autobackups
_controlfile_backup_copy_check	TRUE	enable check of the copied blocks during controlfile backup copy
_controlfile_block_size	0	control file block size in bytes
_controlfile_enqueue_dump	FALSE	dump the system states after controlfile enqueue timeout
_controlfile_enqueue_holding_time	120	control file enqueue max holding time in seconds
_controlfile_enqueue_holding_time_tracking_size	10	control file enqueue holding time tracking size
_controlfile_enqueue_timeout	900	control file enqueue timeout in seconds
_controlfile_section_init_size		control file initial section size
_controlfile_section_max_expand		control file max expansion rate
_controlfile_update_check	OFF	controlfile update sanity check
_convert_set_to_join	FALSE	enables conversion of set operator to join
_coord_message_buffer	0	parallel recovery coordinator side extra message buffer size
_corrupted_rollback_segments		corrupted undo segment list
_cost_equality_semi_join	TRUE	enables costing of equality semi-join
_cp_num_hash_latches	1	connection pool number of hash latches
_cpu_to_io	0	divisor for converting CPU cost to I/O cost
_cr_grant_global_role	TRUE	if TRUE, grant lock for CR requests when block is in global role
_cr_grant_local_role	AUTO	turn 3-way CR grants off, make it automatic, or turn it on
_cr_grant_only	FALSE	if TRUE, grant locks when possible and do not send the block
_cr_server_log_flush	TRUE	if TRUE, flush redo log before serving a CR buffer
_cr_trc_buf_size	8192	size of cr trace buffer
_create_table_in_any_cluster	FALSE	allow creation of table in a cluster not owned by the user
_cursor_bind_capture_area_size	400	maximum size of the cursor bind capture area
_cursor_bind_capture_interval	900	interval (in seconds) between two bind capture for a cursor
_cursor_cache_time	900	number of seconds a session cached cursor stay in cache.
_cursor_db_buffers_pinned	880	additional number of buffers a cursor can pin at once
_cursor_features_enabled	2	Shared cursor features enabled bits.
_cursor_obsolete_threshold	100	Number of cursors per parent before obsoletion.
_cursor_plan_enabled	TRUE	enable collection and display of cursor plans
_cursor_plan_hash_version	1	version of cursor plan hash value
_cursor_plan_unparse_enabled	TRUE	enables/disables using unparse to build projection/predicates
_cursor_runtimeheap_memlimit	5242880	Shared cursor runtime heap memory limit
_cursor_stats_enabled	TRUE	Enable cursor stats
_cvw_enable_weak_checking	TRUE	enable weak view checking
_datafile_cow	FALSE	Use copy on write snapshot for the renamed file
_datafile_write_errors_crash_instance	TRUE	datafile write errors crash instance
_db_16k_flash_cache_file		flash cache file for 16k block size
_db_16k_flash_cache_size	0	flash cache size for _db_16k_flash_cache_file
_db_2k_flash_cache_file		flash cache file for 2k block size
_db_2k_flash_cache_size	0	flash cache size for _db_2k_flash_cache_file
_db_32k_flash_cache_file		flash cache file for 32k block size
_db_32k_flash_cache_size	0	flash cache size for _db_32k_flash_cache_file
_db_4k_flash_cache_file		flash cache file for 4k block size
_db_4k_flash_cache_size	0	flash cache size for _db_4k_flash_cache_file
_db_8k_flash_cache_file		flash cache file for 8k block size
_db_8k_flash_cache_size	0	flash cache size for _db_8k_flash_cache_file
_db_aging_cool_count	1	Touch count set when buffer cooled
_db_aging_freeze_cr	FALSE	Make CR buffers always be too cold to keep in cache
_db_aging_hot_criteria	2	Touch count which sends a buffer to head of replacement list
_db_aging_stay_count	0	Touch count set when buffer moved to head of replacement list
_db_aging_touch_time	3	Touch count which sends a buffer to head of replacement list
_db_always_check_system_ts	TRUE	Always perform block check and checksum for System tablespace
_db_block_adjcheck	TRUE	adjacent cache buffer checks - low blkchk overwrite parameter
_db_block_adjchk_level	0	adjacent cache buffer check level
_db_block_align_direct_read	TRUE	Align Direct Reads
_db_block_bad_write_check	FALSE	enable bad write checks
_db_block_buffers	1323000	Number of database blocks cached in memory: hidden parameter
_db_block_cache_clone	FALSE	Always clone data blocks on get (for debugging)
_db_block_cache_history	0	buffer header tracing (non-zero only when debugging)
_db_block_cache_history_level	2	buffer header tracing level
_db_block_cache_num_umap	0	number of unmapped buffers (for tracking swap calls on blocks)
_db_block_cache_protect	FALSE	protect database blocks (true only when debugging)
_db_block_cache_protect_internal	0	protect database blocks (for strictly internal use only)
_db_block_check_for_debug	FALSE	Check more and dump block before image for debugging
_db_block_check_objtyp	TRUE	check objd and typ on cache disk read
_db_block_chunkify_ncmbr	FALSE	chunkify noncontig multi block reads
_db_block_corruption_recovery_threshold	5	threshold number of block recovery attempts
_db_block_do_full_mbreads	FALSE	do full block read even if some blocks are in cache
_db_block_hash_buckets	4194304	Number of database block hash buckets
_db_block_hash_latches	131072	Number of database block hash latches
_db_block_header_guard_level	0	number of extra buffer headers to use as guard pages
_db_block_hi_priority_batch_size	0	Fraction of writes for high priority reasons
_db_block_known_clean_pct	2	Initial Percentage of buffers to maintain known clean
_db_block_lru_latches	128	number of lru latches
_db_block_max_cr_dba	6	Maximum Allowed Number of CR buffers per dba
_db_block_max_scan_pct	40	Percentage of buffers to inspect when looking for free
_db_block_med_priority_batch_size	0	Fraction of writes for medium priority reasons
_db_block_numa	1	Number of NUMA nodes
_db_block_prefetch_fast_longjumps_enabled	TRUE	Batched IO enable fast longjumps
_db_block_prefetch_limit	0	Prefetch limit in blocks
_db_block_prefetch_override	0	Prefetch force override in blocks
_db_block_prefetch_private_cache_enabled	TRUE	Batched IO enable private cache
_db_block_prefetch_quota	10	Prefetch quota as a percent of cache size
_db_block_prefetch_skip_reading_enabled	TRUE	Batched IO enable skip reading buffers
_db_block_table_scan_buffer_size	4194304	Size of shared table scan read buffer
_db_block_temp_redo	FALSE	generate redo for temp blocks
_db_block_trace_protect	FALSE	trace buffer protect calls
_db_block_vlm_check	FALSE	check of rvlm mapping leaks (for debugging)
_db_block_vlm_leak_threshold	3	Threshold for allowable vlm leaks
_db_blocks_per_hash_latch		Number of blocks per hash latch
_db_cache_advice_max_size_factor	2	cache advisory maximum multiple of current size to similate
_db_cache_advice_sample_factor	4	cache advisory sampling factor
_db_cache_advice_sanity_check	FALSE	cache simulation sanity check
_db_cache_block_read_stack_trace	0	dump short call stack for block reads
_db_cache_crx_check	FALSE	check for costly crx examination functions
_db_cache_miss_check_les	FALSE	check LEs after cache miss
_db_cache_mman_latch_check	FALSE	check for wait latch get under MMAN ops in kcb
_db_cache_pre_warm	TRUE	Buffer Cache Pre-Warm Enabled : hidden parameter
_db_cache_process_cr_pin_max		maximum number of cr pins a process may have
_db_cache_wait_debug	0	trace new kslwaits
_db_change_notification_enable	TRUE	enable db change notification
_db_check_cell_hints	FALSE
_db_disable_temp_encryption	FALSE	Disable Temp Encryption for Spills
_db_dump_from_disk_noefc	0	dump reading buffer contents
_db_fast_obj_check	FALSE	enable fast object drop sanity check
_db_fast_obj_ckpt	TRUE	enable fast object checkpoint
_db_fast_obj_truncate	TRUE	enable fast object truncate
_db_file_direct_io_count	1048576	Sequential I/O buf size
_db_file_exec_read_count	128	multiblock read count for regular clients
_db_file_format_io_buffers	4	Block formatting I/O buf count
_db_file_noncontig_mblock_read_count	11	number of noncontiguous db blocks to be prefetched
_db_file_optimizer_read_count	8	multiblock read count for regular clients
_db_flash_cache_force_replenish_limit	8	Flash cache force replenish lower limit in buffers
_db_flash_cache_keep_limit	1342177280	Flash cache keep buffer upper limit in percentage
_db_flash_cache_write_limit	16777216	Flash cache write buffer upper limit in percentage
_db_flashback_iobuf_size	1	Flashback IO Buffer Size
_db_flashback_log_min_size	16777216	Minimum flashback database log size in bytes
_db_flashback_log_min_total_space	0	Minimum flashback database log total space in bytes
_db_flashback_num_iobuf	32	Flashback Number of IO buffers
_db_handles	12000	System-wide simultaneous buffer operations
_db_handles_cached	8	Buffer handles cached each process
_db_hot_block_tracking	FALSE	track hot blocks for hash latch contention
_db_index_block_checking	TRUE	index block checking override parameter
_db_initial_cachesize_create_mb	256	size of cache created at startup
_db_l2_tracing	0	flash cache debug tracing
_db_large_dirty_queue	25	Number of buffers which force dirty queue to be written
_db_lost_write_checking	0	Enable scn based lost write detection mechanism
_db_lost_write_tracing	FALSE	Enable _db_lost_write_checking tracing
_db_mttr_advice	ON	MTTR advisory
_db_mttr_partitions	0	number of partitions for MTTR advisory
_db_mttr_sample_factor	64	MTTR simulation sampling factor
_db_mttr_sim_target		MTTR simulation targets
_db_mttr_sim_trace_size	256	MTTR simulation trace size
_db_mttr_trace_to_alert	FALSE	dump trace entries to alert file
_db_noarch_disble_optim	FALSE	Image redo logging (NOARCHIVEMODE)
_db_num_evict_waitevents	64	number of evict wait events
_db_obj_enable_ksr	TRUE	enable ksr in object checkpoint/reuse
_db_percent_hot_default	50	Percent of default buffer pool considered hot
_db_percent_hot_keep	0	Percent of keep buffer pool considered hot
_db_percent_hot_recycle	0	Percent of recycle buffer pool considered hot
_db_percpu_create_cachesize	2	size of cache created per cpu in deferred cache create
_db_prefetch_histogram_statistics	FALSE	maintain prefetch histogram statistics in x$kcbprfhs
_db_recovery_temporal_file_dest		default database recovery temporal file location
_db_required_percent_fairshare_usage	10	percent of fairshare a processor group should always use
_db_row_overlap_checking	TRUE	row overlap checking override parameter for data/index blocks
_db_todefer_cache_create	TRUE	buffer cache deferred create
_db_writer_chunk_writes	0	Number of writes DBWR should wait for
_db_writer_coalesce_area_size	4194304	Size of memory allocated to dbwriter for coalescing writes
_db_writer_coalesce_write_limit	131072	Limit on size of coalesced write
_db_writer_flush_imu	TRUE	If FALSE, DBWR will not downgrade IMU txns for AGING
_db_writer_histogram_statistics	FALSE	maintain dbwr histogram statistics in x$kcbbhs
_db_writer_max_writes	0	Max number of outstanding DB Writer IOs
_db_writer_nomemcopy_coalesce	FALSE	Enable DBWR no-memcopy coalescing
_db_writer_verify_writes	FALSE	Enable lost write detection mechanism
_dbg_proc_startup	FALSE	debug process startup
_dbms_sql_security_level	1	Security level in DBMS_SQL
_dbrm_dynamic_threshold	16843752	DBRM dynamic threshold setting
_dbrm_num_runnable_list	0	Resource Manager number of runnable list per NUMA node
_dbrm_quantum		DBRM quantum
_dbrm_runchk	0	Resource Manager Diagnostic Running Thread Check
_dbrm_short_wait_us	300	Resource Manager short wait length
_dbwr_async_io	TRUE	Enable dbwriter asynchronous writes
_dbwr_scan_interval	300	dbwriter scan interval
_dbwr_tracing	0	Enable dbwriter tracing
_dde_flood_control_init	TRUE	Initialize Flood Control at database open
_dead_process_scan_interval	60	PMON dead process scan interval (in seconds)
_deadlock_diagnostic_level	2	automatic deadlock resolution diagnostics level
_deadlock_resolution_incidents_always	FALSE	create incidents when resolving any deadlock?
_deadlock_resolution_incidents_enabled	TRUE	create incidents during deadlock resolution
_deadlock_resolution_level	1	automatic deadlock resolution level
_deadlock_resolution_min_wait_timeout_secs	60	the minimum wait timeout required for deadlock resolution
_deadlock_resolution_signal_process_thresh_secs	60	the amount of time given to process a deadlock resolution signal
_dedicated_server_poll_count	10	dedicated server poll count
_dedicated_server_post_wait	FALSE	dedicated server post/wait
_dedicated_server_post_wait_call	FALSE	dedicated server post/wait call
_default_encrypt_alg	0	default encryption algorithm
_default_non_equality_sel_check	TRUE	sanity check on default selectivity for like/range predicate
_defer_eor_orl_arch_for_so	FALSE	defer EOR ORL archival for switchover
_defer_log_boundary_ckpt	TRUE	defer media recovery checkpoint at log boundary
_defer_log_count	2	Number of log boundaries media recovery checkpoint lags behind
_defer_rcv_during_sw_to_sby	FALSE	Defer recovery during switchover to standby
_deferred_constant_folding_mode	DEFAULT	Deferred constant folding mode
_deferred_log_dest_is_valid	TRUE	consider deferred log dest as valid for log deletion (TRUE/FALSE)
_delay_index_maintain	TRUE	delays index maintenance until after MV is refreshed
_delta_push_share_blockers	0	enable delta push if greater than the # of share blockers
_deq_execute_reset_time	30	deq execute reset time
_deq_ht_child_latches	8	deq ht child latches
_deq_ht_max_elements	100000	deq ht max elements
_deq_large_txn_size	25000	deq large txn size
_deq_log_array_size	10000	deq log array size
_deq_max_fetch_count	10	deq max fetch count
_deq_maxwait_time	0	Change wait times between dequeue calls
_desired_readmem_rate	90	The desired percentage of redo reading from memory
_dg_broker_trace_level		data guard broker trace level
_dg_cf_check_timer	15	Data Guard controlfile check timer
_dg_corrupt_redo_log	0	Corrupt redo log validation during archivals
_diag_adr_auto_purge	TRUE	Enable/disable ADR MMON Auto Purging
_diag_adr_enabled	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag ADR
_diag_adr_test_param	0	Test parameter for Diagnosability
_diag_arb_before_kill	FALSE	dump diagnostics before killing unresponsive ARBs
_diag_backward_compat	TRUE	Backward Compatibility for Diagnosability
_diag_cc_enabled	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Call Context
_diag_conf_cap_enabled	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Configuration Capture
_diag_crashdump_level	10	parameter for systemstate dump level, used by DIAG during crash
_diag_daemon	TRUE	start DIAG daemon
_diag_dde_async_age_limit	300	diag dde async actions: message age limit (in seconds)
_diag_dde_async_cputime_limit	300	diag dde async actions: action cputime limit (in seconds)
_diag_dde_async_mode	1	diag dde async actions: dispatch mode
_diag_dde_async_msg_capacity	1024	diag dde async actions: message buffer capacity
_diag_dde_async_msgs	50	diag dde async actions: number of preallocated message buffers
_diag_dde_async_process_rate	5	diag dde async actions: message processing rate - per loop
_diag_dde_async_runtime_limit	900	diag dde async actions: action runtime limit (in seconds)
_diag_dde_async_slaves	5	diag dde async actions: max number of concurrent slave processes
_diag_dde_enabled	TRUE	enable DDE handling of critical errors
_diag_dde_fc_enabled	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Flood Control
_diag_dde_fc_implicit_time	0	Override Implicit Error Flood Control time parameter
_diag_dde_fc_macro_time	0	Override Macro Error Flood Control time parameter
_diag_dde_inc_proc_delay	1	The minimum delay between two MMON incident sweeps (minutes)
_diag_diagnostics	TRUE	Turn off diag diagnostics
_diag_dump_request_debug_level	1	DIAG dump request debug level (0-2)
_diag_dump_timeout	30	timeout parameter for SYNC dump
_diag_enable_startup_events	FALSE	enable events in instance startup notifiers
_diag_hm_rc_enabled	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag HM Reactive Checks
_diag_hm_tc_enabled	FALSE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag HM Test(dummy) Checks
_diag_proc_enabled	TRUE	enable hung process diagnostic API
_diag_proc_max_time_ms	30000	hung process diagnostic API max wait time in milliseconds
_diag_proc_stack_capture_type	1	hung process diagnostic API stack capture type
_diag_uts_control	0	UTS control parameter
_diag_verbose_error_on_init	0	Allow verbose error tracing on diag init
_dimension_skip_null	TRUE	control dimension skip when null feature
_direct_io_skip_cur_slot_on_error	TRUE	Skip current slot on error
_direct_io_slots	0	number of slots for direct path I/O
_direct_io_wslots	0	number of write slots for direct path I/O
_direct_path_insert_features	0	disable direct path insert features
_direct_read_decision_statistics_driven	TRUE	enable direct read decision based on optimizer statistics
_disable_12751	FALSE	disable policy timeout error (ORA-12751)
_disable_active_influx_move	FALSE	disable active influx move during parallel media recovery
_disable_adaptive_shrunk_aggregation	FALSE	adaptive shrunk aggregation
_disable_appliance_check	FALSE	Disable checking for appliance bread crumbs
_disable_appliance_partnering	FALSE	Disable partnering mode for appliance
_disable_autotune_gtx	FALSE	disable autotune global transaction background processes
_disable_block_checking	FALSE	disable block checking at the session level
_disable_cell_optimized_backups	FALSE	disable cell optimized backups
_disable_cpu_check	FALSE	disable cpu_count check
_disable_cursor_sharing	FALSE	disable cursor sharing
_disable_datalayer_sampling	FALSE	disable datalayer sampling
_disable_duplex_link	TRUE	Turn off connection duplexing
_disable_fast_aggregation	FALSE	fast aggregation
_disable_fast_validate	FALSE	disable PL/SQL fast validation
_disable_fastopen	FALSE	Do Not Use Fastopen
_disable_fba_qrw	0	disable flashback archiver query rewrite
_disable_fba_wpr	0	disable flashback archiver wait for prepared transactions
_disable_file_locks	FALSE	disable file locks for control, data, redo log files
_disable_flashback_archiver	0	disable flashback archiver
_disable_flashback_wait_callback	FALSE	Disable flashback wait callback
_disable_function_based_index	FALSE	disable function-based index matching
_disable_gvaq_cache	FALSE	Disable cache
_disable_health_check	FALSE	Disable Health Check
_disable_highres_ticks	FALSE	disable high-res tick counter
_disable_image_check	FALSE	Disable Oracle executable image checking
_disable_implicit_row_movement	FALSE	disable implicit row movement
_disable_incremental_checkpoints	FALSE	Disable incremental checkpoints for thread recovery
_disable_incremental_recovery_ckpt	FALSE	Disable incremental recovery checkpoint mechanism
_disable_index_block_prefetching	FALSE	disable index block prefetching
_disable_initial_block_compression	FALSE	disable initial block compression
_disable_instance_params_check	FALSE	disable instance type check for ksp
_disable_interface_checking	FALSE	disable interface checking at startup
_disable_kcb_flashback_blocknew_opt	FALSE	Disable KCB flashback block new optimization
_disable_kcbhxor_osd	FALSE	disable kcbh(c)xor OSD functionality
_disable_kcbl_flashback_blocknew_opt	FALSE	Disable KCBL flashback block new optimization
_disable_kgghshcrc32_osd	FALSE	disable kgghshcrc32chk OSD functionality
_disable_latch_free_SCN_writes_via_32cas	FALSE	disable latch-free SCN writes using 32-bit compare & swap
_disable_latch_free_SCN_writes_via_64cas	FALSE	disable latch-free SCN writes using 64-bit compare & swap
_disable_logging	FALSE	Disable logging
_disable_metrics_group	0	Disable Metrics Group (or all Metrics Groups)
_disable_multiple_block_sizes	FALSE	disable multiple block size support (for debugging)
_disable_odm	FALSE	disable odm feature
_disable_parallel_conventional_load	FALSE	Disable parallel conventional loads
_disable_primary_bitmap_switch	FALSE	disable primary bitmap switch
_disable_read_only_open_dict_check	FALSE	Disable read-only open dictionary check
_disable_rebalance_compact	FALSE	disable space usage checks for storage reconfiguration
_disable_rebalance_space_check	FALSE	disable space usage checks for storage reconfiguration
_disable_recovery_read_skip	FALSE	Disable the read optimization during media recovery
_disable_sample_io_optim	FALSE	disable row sampling IO optimization
_disable_savepoint_reset	FALSE	disable the fix for bug 1402161
_disable_selftune_checkpointing	FALSE	Disable self-tune checkpointing
_disable_storage_type	FALSE	Disable storage type checks
_disable_streams_diagnostics	0	streams diagnostics
_disable_streams_pool_auto_tuning	FALSE	disable streams pool auto tuning
_disable_sun_rsm	TRUE	Disable IPC OSD support for Sun RSMAPI
_disable_system_state	4294967294	disable system state dump
_disable_system_state_wait_samples	FALSE	Disable system state dump - wait samples
_disable_temp_tablespace_alerts	FALSE	disable tablespace alerts for TEMPORARY tablespaces
_disable_thread_internal_disable	FALSE	Disable thread internal disable feature
_disable_thread_snapshot	TRUE	Thread snapshot
_disable_txn_alert	0	disable txn layer alert
_disable_undo_tablespace_alerts	FALSE	disable tablespace alerts for UNDO tablespaces
_disable_wait_state		Disable wait state
_discrete_transactions_enabled	FALSE	enable OLTP mode
_disk_sector_size_override	FALSE	if TRUE, OSD sector size could be overridden
_diskmon_pipe_name		DiSKMon skgznp pipe name
_dispatcher_rate_scale		scale to display rate statistic (100ths of a second)
_dispatcher_rate_ttl		time-to-live for rate statistic (100ths of a second)
_distinct_view_unnesting	FALSE	enables unnesting of in subquery into distinct view
_distributed_recovery_connection_hold_time	200	number of seconds RECO holds outbound connections open
_dlmtrace		Trace string of global enqueue type(s)
_dm_max_shared_pool_pct	1	max percentage of the shared pool to use for a mining model
_dml_batch_error_limit	0	number or error handles allocated for DML in batch mode
_dml_frequency_tracking	FALSE	Control DML frequency tracking
_dml_frequency_tracking_advance	TRUE	Control automatic advance and broadcast of DML frequencies
_dml_frequency_tracking_slot_time	15	Time length of each slot for DML frequency tracking
_dml_frequency_tracking_slots	4	Number of slots to use for DML frequency tracking
_dml_monitoring_enabled	TRUE	enable modification monitoring
_domain_index_batch_size	2000	maximum number of rows from one call to domain index fetch routine
_domain_index_dml_batch_size	200	maximum number of rows for one call to domain index dml routines
_dra_bmr_number_threshold	1000	Maximum number of BMRs that can be done to a file
_dra_bmr_percent_threshold	10	Maximum percentage of blocks in a file that can be BMR-ed
_dra_enable_offline_dictionary	FALSE	Enable the periodic creation of the offline dictionary for DRA
_drm_parallel_freeze	TRUE	if TRUE enables parallel drm freeze
_drop_flashback_logical_operations_enq	FALSE	Drop logical operations enqueue immediately during flashback marker generation
_drop_table_granule	256	drop_table_granule
_drop_table_optimization_enabled	TRUE	reduce SGA memory use during drop of a partitioned table
_ds_enable_auto_txn	FALSE	Dynamic Sampling Service Autonomous Transaction control parameter
_ds_iocount_iosize	6553664	Dynamic Sampling Service defaults: #IOs and IO Size
_ds_parse_model	2	Dynamic Sampling Service Parse Model control parameter
_dsc_feature_level	0	controls the feature level for deferred segment creation
_dskm_health_check_cnt	20	DiSKMon health check counter
_dss_cache_flush	FALSE	enable full cache flush for parallel execution
_dtree_area_size	131072	size of Decision Tree Classification work area
_dtree_binning_enabled	TRUE	Decision Tree Binning Enabled
_dtree_bintest_id	0	Decision Tree Binning Test ID
_dtree_compressbmp_enabled	TRUE	Decision Tree Using Compressed Bitmaps Enabled
_dtree_max_surrogates	1	maximum number of surrogates
_dtree_pruning_enabled	TRUE	Decision Tree Pruning Enabled
_dummy_instance	FALSE	dummy instance started by RMAN
_dump_common_subexpressions	FALSE	dump common subexpressions
_dump_connect_by_loop_data	FALSE	dump connect by loop error message into trc file
_dump_cursor_heap_sizes	FALSE	dump comp/exec heap sizes to tryace file
_dump_interval_limit	120	trace dump time interval limit (in seconds)
_dump_max_limit	5	max number of dump within dump interval
_dump_qbc_tree	0	dump top level query parse tree to trace
_dump_rcvr_ipc	TRUE	if TRUE enables IPC dump at instance eviction time
_dump_system_state_scope	local	scope of sysstate dump during instance termination
_dump_trace_scope	global	scope of trace dump during a process crash
_dynamic_rls_policies	TRUE	rls policies are dynamic
_dynamic_stats_threshold	30	delay threshold (in seconds) between sending statistics messages
_eighteenth_spare_parameter		eighteenth spare parameter - string list
_eighth_spare_parameter		eighth spare parameter - integer
_eliminate_common_subexpr	TRUE	enables elimination of common sub-expressions
_emon_max_active_connections	256	maximum open connections to clients per emon
_emon_outbound_connect_timeout	30000	timeout for completing connection set up to clients
_emon_regular_ntfn_slaves	4	number of EMON slaves doing regular database notifications
_enable_Front_End_View_Optimization	1	enable front end view optimization
_enable_LGPG_debug	FALSE	Enable LGPG debug mode
_enable_NUMA_interleave	TRUE	Enable NUMA interleave mode
_enable_NUMA_optimization	FALSE	Enable NUMA specific optimizations
_enable_NUMA_support	FALSE	Enable NUMA support and optimizations
_enable_asyncvio	FALSE	enable asynch vectored I/O
_enable_automatic_maintenance	1	if 1, Automated Maintenance Is Enabled
_enable_automatic_sqltune	TRUE	Automatic SQL Tuning Advisory enabled parameter
_enable_block_level_transaction_recovery	TRUE	enable block level recovery
_enable_check_truncate	TRUE	enable checking of corruption caused by canceled truncate
_enable_cscn_caching	FALSE	enable commit SCN caching for all transactions
_enable_ddl_wait_lock	TRUE	use this to turn off ddls with wait semantics
_enable_default_affinity	0	enable default implementation of hard affinity osds
_enable_default_temp_threshold	TRUE	Enable Default Tablespace Utilization Threshold for UNDO Tablespaces
_enable_default_undo_threshold	TRUE	Enable Default Tablespace Utilization Threshold for TEMPORARY Tablespaces
_enable_dml_lock_escalation	TRUE	enable dml lock escalation against partitioned tables if TRUE
_enable_editions_for_users	FALSE	enable editions for all users
_enable_exchange_validation_using_check	TRUE	use check constraints on the table for validation
_enable_fast_ref_after_mv_tbs	FALSE	enable fast refresh after move tablespace
_enable_ffw	TRUE	FAL FORWARDING
_enable_flash_logging	TRUE	Enable Exadata Smart Flash Logging
_enable_hash_overflow	FALSE	TRUE - enable hash cluster overflow based on SIZE
_enable_hwm_sync	TRUE	enable HWM synchronization
_enable_kqf_purge	TRUE	Enable KQF fixed runtime table purge
_enable_list_io	FALSE	Enable List I/O
_enable_midtier_affinity	TRUE	enable midtier affinity metrics processing
_enable_minscn_cr	TRUE	enable/disable minscn optimization for CR
_enable_nativenet_tcpip	FALSE	Enable skgxp driver usage for native net
_enable_obj_queues	TRUE	enable object queues
_enable_online_index_without_s_locking	TRUE	Allow online index creation algorithm without S DML lock
_enable_query_rewrite_on_remote_objs	TRUE	mv rewrite on remote table/view
_enable_redo_global_post	FALSE	LGWR post globally on write
_enable_refresh_schedule	TRUE	enable or disable MV refresh scheduling (revert to 9.2 behavior)
_enable_reliable_latch_waits	TRUE	Enable reliable latch waits
_enable_rename_user	FALSE	enable RENAME-clause using ALTER USER statement
_enable_rlb	TRUE	enable RLB metrics processing
_enable_row_shipping	TRUE	use the row shipping optimization for wide table selects
_enable_sb_detection	TRUE	Split Brain Detection
_enable_schema_synonyms	FALSE	enable DDL operations (e.g. creation) involving schema synonyms
_enable_scn_wait_interface	TRUE	use this to turn off scn wait interface in kta
_enable_separable_transactions	FALSE	enable/disable separable transactions
_enable_shared_pool_durations	TRUE	temporary to disable/enable kgh policy
_enable_shared_server_vector_io	FALSE	Enable shared server vector I/O
_enable_space_preallocation	3	enable space pre-allocation
_enable_spacebg	TRUE	enable space management background task
_enable_tablespace_alerts	TRUE	enable tablespace alerts
_enable_type_dep_selectivity	TRUE	enable type dependent selectivity estimates
_endprot_chunk_comment	chk 10235 dflt	chunk comment for selective overrun protection
_endprot_heap_comment	hp 10235 dflt	heap comment for selective overrun protection
_endprot_subheaps	TRUE	selective overrun protection for subeheaps
_enqueue_deadlock_scan_secs	0	deadlock scan interval
_enqueue_deadlock_time_sec	5	requests with timeout <= this will not have deadlock detection
_enqueue_debug_multi_instance	FALSE	debug enqueue multi instance
_enqueue_hash	4579	enqueue hash table length
_enqueue_hash_chain_latches	16	enqueue hash chain latches
_enqueue_locks	25942	locks for managed enqueues
_enqueue_paranoia_mode_enabled	FALSE	enable enqueue layer advanced debugging checks
_enqueue_resources	4779	resources for enqueues
_evolve_plan_baseline_report_level	typical	Level of detail to show in plan verification/evolution report
_evt_system_event_propagation	TRUE	disable system event propagation
_expand_aggregates	TRUE	expand aggregates
_explain_rewrite_mode	FALSE	allow additional messages to be generated during explain rewrite
_extended_pruning_enabled	TRUE	do runtime pruning in iterator if set to TRUE
_external_scn_logging_threshold_seconds	172800	High delta SCN threshold in seconds
_external_scn_rejection_delta_threshold_minutes		external SCN rejection delta threshold in minutes
_external_scn_rejection_threshold_hours	24	Lag in hours between max allowed SCN and an external SCN
_fair_remote_cvt	FALSE	if TRUE enables fair remote convert
_fairness_threshold	2	number of times to CR serve before downgrading lock
_fast_cursor_reexecute	FALSE	use more memory in order to get faster execution
_fast_dual_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable fast dual
_fast_full_scan_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable index fast full scan
_fastpin_enable	16777216	enable reference count based fast pins
_fbda_busy_percentage	0	flashback archiver busy percentage
_fbda_debug_assert	0	flashback archiver debug assert for testing
_fbda_debug_mode	0	flashback archiver debug event for testing
_fbda_global_bscn_lag	0	flashback archiver global barrier scn lag
_fbda_inline_percentage	0	flashback archiver inline percentage
_fbda_rac_inactive_limit	0	flashback archiver rac inactive limit
_fg_iorm_slaves	1	ForeGround I/O slaves for IORM
_fg_log_checksum	TRUE	Checksum redo in foreground process
_fg_sync_sleep_usecs	0	Log file sync via usleep
_fic_algorithm_set	automatic	Set Frequent Itemset Counting Algorithm
_fic_area_size	131072	size of Frequent Itemset Counting work area
_fic_max_length	20	Frequent Itemset Counting Maximum Itemset Length
_fic_min_bmsize	1024	Frequent Itemset Counting Minimum BITMAP Size
_fic_outofmem_candidates	FALSE	Frequent Itemset Counting Out Of Memory Candidates Generation
_fifteenth_spare_parameter		fifteenth spare parameter - string
_fifth_spare_parameter		fifth spare parameter - integer
_file_size_increase_increment	67108864	Amount of file size increase increment, in bytes
_filemap_dir		FILEMAP directory
_first_k_rows_dynamic_proration	TRUE	enable the use of dynamic proration of join cardinalities
_first_spare_parameter		first spare parameter - integer
_fix_control		bug fix control parameter
_flashback_11.1_block_new_opt	FALSE	use 11.1 flashback block new optimization scheme
_flashback_allow_noarchivelog	FALSE	Allow enabling flashback on noarchivelog database
_flashback_archiver_partition_size	0	flashback archiver table partition size
_flashback_barrier_interval	1800	Flashback barrier interval in seconds
_flashback_copy_latches	10	Number of flashback copy latches
_flashback_database_test_only	FALSE	Run Flashback Database in test mode
_flashback_delete_chunk_MB	128	Amount of flashback log (in MB) to delete in one attempt
_flashback_dynamic_enable	TRUE	enable flashback enable code path
_flashback_dynamic_enable_failure	0	Simulate failures during dynamic enable
_flashback_enable_ra	TRUE	Flashback enable read ahead
_flashback_format_chunk_mb	4	Chunk mega-bytes for formatting flashback logs using sync write
_flashback_format_chunk_mb_dwrite	16	Chunk mega-bytes for formatting flashback logs using delayed write
_flashback_fuzzy_barrier	TRUE	Use flashback fuzzy barrier
_flashback_generation_buffer_size	67108864	flashback generation buffer size
_flashback_hint_barrier_percent	20	Flashback hint barrier percent
_flashback_log_io_error_behavior	0	Specify Flashback log I/O error behavior
_flashback_log_min_size	100	Minimum flashback log size
_flashback_log_rac_balance_factor	10	flashback log rac balance factor
_flashback_log_size	1000	Flashback log size
_flashback_logfile_enqueue_timeout	600	flashback logfile enqueue timeout for opens
_flashback_marker_cache_enabled	TRUE	Enable flashback database marker cache
_flashback_marker_cache_size	328	Size of flashback database marker cache
_flashback_max_log_size	0	Maximum flashback log size in bytes (OS limit)
_flashback_max_n_log_per_thread	2048	Maximum number of flashback logs per flashback thread
_flashback_max_standby_sync_span	300	Maximum time span between standby recovery sync for flashback
_flashback_n_log_per_thread	128	Desired number of flashback logs per flashback thread
_flashback_prepare_log	TRUE	Prepare Flashback logs in the background
_flashback_size_based_on_redo	TRUE	Size new flashback logs based on average redo log size
_flashback_standby_barrier_interval	1	Flashback standby barrier interval in seconds
_flashback_validate_controlfile	FALSE	validate flashback pointers in controlfile for 11.2.0.2 database
_flashback_verbose_info	FALSE	Print verbose information about flashback database
_flashback_write_max_loop_limit	10	Flashback writer loop limit before it returns
_flush_plan_in_awr_sql	0	Plan is being flushed from an AWR flush SQL
_flush_redo_to_standby	0	Flush redo to standby test event parameter
_flush_undo_after_tx_recovery	TRUE	if TRUE, flush undo buffers after TX recovery
_force_arch_compress	0	Archive Compress all newly created compressed tables
_force_datefold_trunc	FALSE	force use of trunc for datefolding rewrite
_force_hash_join_spill	FALSE	force hash join to spill to disk
_force_hsc_compress	FALSE	compress all newly created tables
_force_oltp_compress	FALSE	OLTP Compress all newly created compressed tables
_force_oltp_update_opt	TRUE	OLTP Compressed row optimization on update
_force_rcv_info_ping	0	Force recovery info ping to stdby
_force_rewrite_enable	FALSE	control new query rewrite features
_force_slave_mapping_intra_part_loads	FALSE	Force slave mapping for intra partition loads
_force_temptables_for_gsets	FALSE	executes concatenation of rollups using temp tables
_force_tmp_segment_loads	FALSE	Force tmp segment loads
_forwarded_2pc_threshold	10	auto-tune threshold for two-phase commit rate across RAC instances
_fourteenth_spare_parameter		fourteenth spare parameter - string
_fourth_spare_parameter		fourth spare parameter - integer
_frame_cache_time	0	number of seconds a cached frame page stay in cache.
_full_pwise_join_enabled	TRUE	enable full partition-wise join when TRUE
_fusion_security	FALSE	Fusion Security
_gby_hash_aggregation_enabled	TRUE	enable group-by and aggregation using hash scheme
_gby_onekey_enabled	TRUE	enable use of one comparison of all group by keys
_gc_affinity_locking	TRUE	if TRUE, enable object affinity
_gc_affinity_locks	TRUE	if TRUE, get affinity locks
_gc_affinity_ratio	50	dynamic object affinity ratio
_gc_async_memcpy	FALSE	if TRUE, use async memcpy
_gc_bypass_readers	TRUE	if TRUE, modifications bypass readers
_gc_check_bscn	TRUE	if TRUE, check for stale blocks
_gc_coalesce_recovery_reads	TRUE	if TRUE, coalesce recovery reads
_gc_cpu_time	FALSE	if TRUE, record the gc cpu time
_gc_cr_server_read_wait	TRUE	if TRUE, cr server waits for a read to complete
_gc_defer_ping_index_only	TRUE	if TRUE, restrict deferred ping to index blocks only
_gc_defer_time	1	how long to defer pings for hot buffers in milliseconds
_gc_delta_push_compression	3072	if delta >= K bytes, compress before push
_gc_delta_push_max_level	100	max delta level for delta push
_gc_delta_push_objects	0	objects which use delta push
_gc_disable_s_lock_brr_ping_check	TRUE	if TRUE, disable S lock BRR ping check for lost write protect
_gc_down_convert_after_keep	TRUE	if TRUE, down-convert lock after recovery
_gc_element_percent	110	global cache element percent
_gc_escalate_bid	TRUE	if TRUE, escalates create a bid
_gc_fg_merge	TRUE	if TRUE, merge pi buffers in the foreground
_gc_flush_during_affinity	TRUE	if TRUE, flush during affinity
_gc_fusion_compression	1024	compress fusion blocks if there is free space
_gc_global_checkpoint_scn	TRUE	if TRUE, enable global checkpoint scn
_gc_global_cpu	TRUE	global cpu checks
_gc_global_lru	AUTO	turn global lru off, make it automatic, or turn it on
_gc_global_lru_touch_count	5	global lru touch count
_gc_global_lru_touch_time	60	global lru touch time in seconds
_gc_integrity_checks	1	set the integrity check level
_gc_keep_recovery_buffers	TRUE	if TRUE, make single instance crash recovery buffers current
_gc_latches	8	number of latches per LMS process
_gc_log_flush	TRUE	if TRUE, flush redo log before a current block transfer
_gc_long_query_threshold	0	threshold for long running query
_gc_max_downcvt	256	maximum downconverts to process at one time
_gc_maximum_bids	0	maximum number of bids which can be prepared
_gc_no_fairness_for_clones	TRUE	if TRUE, no fairness if we serve a clone
_gc_override_force_cr	TRUE	if TRUE, try to override force-cr requests
_gc_persistent_read_mostly	TRUE	if TRUE, enable persistent read-mostly locking
_gc_policy_minimum	1500	dynamic object policy minimum activity per minute
_gc_policy_time	10	how often to make object policy decisions in minutes
_gc_read_mostly_flush_check	FALSE	if TRUE, optimize flushes for read mostly objects
_gc_read_mostly_locking	TRUE	if TRUE, enable read-mostly locking
_gc_sanity_check_cr_buffers	FALSE	if TRUE, sanity check CR buffers
_gc_serve_high_pi_as_current	TRUE	if TRUE, use a higher clone scn when serving a pi
_gc_statistics	TRUE	if TRUE, kcl statistics are maintained
_gc_transfer_ratio	2	dynamic object read-mostly transfer ratio
_gc_tsn_undo_affinity	TRUE	if TRUE, use TSN undo affinity
_gc_undo_affinity	TRUE	if TRUE, enable dynamic undo affinity
_gc_undo_block_disk_reads	TRUE	if TRUE, enable undo block disk reads
_gc_use_cr	TRUE	if TRUE, allow CR pins on PI and WRITING buffers
_gc_vector_read	TRUE	if TRUE, vector read current buffers
_gcr_enable_high_cpu_kill	FALSE	if TRUE, GCR may kill foregrounds under high load
_gcr_enable_high_cpu_rm	FALSE	if TRUE, GCR may enable a RM plan under high load
_gcr_enable_high_cpu_rt	FALSE	if TRUE, GCR may boost bg priority under high load
_gcr_high_cpu_threshold	10	minimum amount of CPU process must consume to be kill target
_gcr_use_css	TRUE	if FALSE, GCR wont register with CSS nor use any CSS feature
_gcs_disable_remote_handles	FALSE	disable remote client/shadow handles
_gcs_disable_skip_close_remastering	FALSE	if TRUE, disable skip close optimization in remastering
_gcs_fast_reconfig	TRUE	if TRUE, enable fast reconfiguration for gcs locks
_gcs_latches	64	number of gcs resource hash latches to be allocated per LMS process
_gcs_pkey_history	4000	number of pkey remastering history
_gcs_process_in_recovery	TRUE	if TRUE, process gcs requests during instance recovery
_gcs_res_per_bucket	4	number of gcs resource per hash bucket
_gcs_resources		number of gcs resources to be allocated
_gcs_shadow_locks		number of pcm shadow locks to be allocated
_gcs_testing	0	GCS testing parameter
_generalized_pruning_enabled	TRUE	controls extensions to partition pruning for general predicates
_ges_dd_debug	1	if 1 or higher enables GES deadlock detection debug diagnostics
_ges_designated_master	FALSE	designated master for GES and GCS resources
_ges_diagnostics	TRUE	if TRUE enables GES diagnostics
_ges_diagnostics_asm_dump_level	11	systemstate level on global enqueue diagnostics blocked by ASM
_ges_health_check	0	if greater than 0 enables GES system health check
_ges_num_blockers_to_kill	1	number of blockers to be killed for hang resolution
_global_hang_analysis_interval_secs	10	the interval at which global hang analysis is run
_globalindex_pnum_filter_enabled	TRUE	enables filter for global index with partition extended syntax
_groupby_nopushdown_cut_ratio	3	groupby nopushdown cut ratio
_groupby_orderby_combine	5000	groupby/orderby don't combine threshold
_gs_anti_semi_join_allowed	TRUE	enable anti/semi join for the GS query
_hang_analysis_num_call_stacks	3	hang analysis num call stacks
_hang_detection_enabled	TRUE	Hang Management detection
_hang_detection_interval	32	Hang Management detection interval in seconds
_hang_hiload_promoted_ignored_hang_count	2	Hang Management high load or promoted ignored hang count
_hang_hiprior_session_attribute_list		Hang Management high priority session attribute list
_hang_ignored_hang_count	1	Hang Management ignored hang count
_hang_ignored_hangs_interval	300	Time in seconds ignored hangs must persist after verification
_hang_log_incidents	FALSE	Hang Manager incident logging
_hang_long_wait_time_threshold	0	Long session wait time threshold in seconds
_hang_lws_file_count	5	Number of trace files for long waiting sessions
_hang_lws_file_time_limit	3600	Timespan in seconds for current long waiting session trace file
_hang_msg_checksum_enabled	TRUE	enable hang graph message checksum
_hang_output_suspected_hangs	FALSE	Hang Management enabled output of suspected hangs
_hang_resolution_confidence_promotion	FALSE	Hang Management hang resolution confidence promotion
_hang_resolution_global_hang_confidence_promotion	FALSE	Hang Management hang resolution global hang confidence promotion
_hang_resolution_policy	HIGH	Hang Management hang resolution policy
_hang_resolution_promote_process_termination	FALSE	Hang Management hang resolution promote process termination
_hang_resolution_scope	PROCESS	Hang Management hang resolution scope
_hang_signature_list_match_output_frequency	10	Hang Signature List matched output frequency
_hang_statistics_collection_interval	15	Hang Management statistics collection interval in seconds
_hang_statistics_collection_ma_alpha	30	Hang Management statistics collection moving average alpha
_hang_statistics_high_io_percentage_threshold	45	Hang Management statistics high IO percentage threshold
_hang_verification_interval	46	Hang Management verification interval in seconds
_hard_protection	FALSE	if TRUE enable H.A.R.D specific format changes
_hash_join_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable hash join
_hash_multiblock_io_count	0	number of blocks hash join will read/write at once
_hb_redo_msg_interval	100	BOC HB redo message interval in ms
_heur_deadlock_resolution_secs	0	the heuristic wait time per node for deadlock resolution
_high_priority_processes	LMS*|VKTM	High Priority Process Name Mask
_high_server_threshold	0	high server thresholds
_highres_drift_allowed_sec	1	allowed highres timer drift for VKTM
_highthreshold_undoretention	4294967294	high threshold undo_retention in seconds
_hj_bit_filter_threshold	50	hash-join bit filtering threshold (0 always enabled)
_hm_analysis_oradebug_node_dump_level	0	the oradebug node dump level for hang manager hang analysis
_hm_analysis_oradebug_sys_dump_level	0	the oradebug system state level for hang manager hang analysis
_hm_analysis_output_disk	FALSE	if TRUE the hang manager outputs hang analysis results to disk
_hwm_sync_threshold	10	HWM synchronization threshold in percentage
_idl_conventional_index_maintenance	TRUE	enable conventional index maintenance for insert direct load
_idle_session_kill_enabled	TRUE	enables or disables resource manager session idle limit checks
_idxrb_rowincr	100000000	proportionality constant for dop vs. rows in index rebuild
_ignore_desc_in_index	FALSE	ignore DESC in indexes, sort those columns ascending anyhow
_ignore_edition_enabled_for_EV_creation	FALSE	ignore schema's edition-enabled status during EV creation
_ignore_fg_deps		ignore fine-grain dependencies during invalidation
_immediate_commit_propagation	TRUE	if TRUE, propagate commit SCN immediately
_improved_outerjoin_card	TRUE	improved outer-join cardinality calculation
_improved_row_length_enabled	TRUE	enable the improvements for computing the average row length
_imr_active	TRUE	Activate Instance Membership Recovery feature
_imr_avoid_double_voting	TRUE	Avoid device voting for CSS reconfig during IMR
_imr_controlfile_access_wait_time	10	IMR controlfile access wait time in seconds
_imr_device_type	controlfile	Type of device to be used by IMR
_imr_disk_voting_interval	3	Maximum wait for IMR disk voting (seconds)
_imr_diskvote_implementation	auto	IMR disk voting implementation method
_imr_evicted_member_kill	TRUE	IMR issue evicted member kill after a wait
_imr_evicted_member_kill_wait	20	IMR evicted member kill wait time in seconds
_imr_extra_reconfig_wait	10	Extra reconfiguration wait in seconds
_imr_highload_threshold		IMR system highload threshold
_imr_max_reconfig_delay	75	Maximum Reconfiguration delay (seconds)
_imr_splitbrain_res_wait	0	Maximum wait for split-brain resolution (seconds)
_imr_systemload_check	TRUE	Perform the system load check during IMR
_imu_pools	3	in memory undo pools
_in_memory_tbs_search	TRUE	FALSE - disable fast path for alter tablespace read only
_in_memory_undo	TRUE	Make in memory undo for top level transactions
_incremental_recovery_ckpt_min_batch	500	minimum number of writes for incremental recovery ckpt every second
_index_join_enabled	TRUE	enable the use of index joins
_index_partition_large_extents	FALSE	Enables large extent allocation for partitioned indices
_index_prefetch_factor	100	index prefetching factor
_index_scan_check_skip_corrupt	FALSE	check and skip corrupt blocks during index scans
_index_scan_check_stopkey	FALSE	check stopkey during index range scans
_init_granule_interval	10	number of granules to process for deferred cache
_init_sql_file	?/rdbms/admin/sql.bsq	File containing SQL statements to execute upon database creation
_inject_startup_fault	0	inject fault in the startup code
_inline_sql_in_plsql	FALSE	inline SQL in PL/SQL
_inplace_update_retry	TRUE	inplace update retry for ora1551
_inquiry_retry_interval	3	if greater than 0 enables inquiry retry after specified interval
_insert_enable_hwm_brokered	TRUE	during parallel inserts high water marks are brokered
_inst_locking_period	5	period an instance can retain a newly acquired level1 bitmap
_interconnect_checksum	TRUE	if TRUE, checksum interconnect blocks
_intrapart_pdml_enabled	TRUE	Enable intra-partition updates/deletes
_intrapart_pdml_randomlocal_enabled	TRUE	Enable intra-partition updates/deletes with random local dist
_io_resource_manager_always_on	FALSE	io resource manager always on
_io_shared_pool_size	4194304	Size of I/O buffer pool from SGA
_io_slaves_disabled	FALSE	Do not use I/O slaves
_io_statistics	TRUE	if TRUE, ksfd I/O statistics are collected
_iocalibrate_init_ios	2	iocalibrate init I/Os per process
_iocalibrate_max_ios	0	iocalibrate max I/Os per process
_ioq_fanin_multiplier	2	IOQ miss count before a miss exception
_ior_serialize_fault	0	inject fault in the ior serialize code
_iorm_tout	1000	IORM scheduler timeout value in msec
_ioslave_batch_count	1	Per attempt IOs picked
_ioslave_issue_count	500	IOs issued before completion check
_ipc_fail_network	0	Simulate cluster network failer
_ipc_test_failover	0	Test transparent cluster network failover
_ipc_test_mult_nets	0	simulate multiple cluster networks
_ipddb_enable	FALSE	Enable IPD/DB data collection
_job_queue_interval	5	Wakeup interval in seconds for job queue co-ordinator
_k2q_latches	0	number of k2q latches
_kcfis_block_dump_level	0	Smart IO block dump level
_kcfis_caching_enabled	TRUE	enable kcfis intra-scan session caching
_kcfis_cell_passthru_enabled	FALSE	Do not perform smart IO filtering on the cell
_kcfis_cell_passthru_fromcpu_enabled	TRUE	Enable automatic passthru mode when cell CPU util is too high
_kcfis_control1	0	Kcfis control1
_kcfis_control2	0	Kcfis control2
_kcfis_control3	0	Kcfis control3
_kcfis_control4	0	Kcfis control4
_kcfis_control5	0	Kcfis control5
_kcfis_control6	0	Kcfis control6
_kcfis_disable_platform_decryption	FALSE	Don't use platform-specific decryption on the storage cell
_kcfis_dump_corrupt_block	TRUE	Dump any corrupt blocks found during smart IO
_kcfis_fast_response_enabled	TRUE	Enable smart scan optimization for fast response (first rows)
_kcfis_fast_response_initiosize	2	Fast response - The size of the first IO in logical blocks
_kcfis_fast_response_iosizemult	4	Fast response - (next IO size = current IO size * this parameter)
_kcfis_fast_response_threshold	1048576	Fast response - the number of IOs after which smartIO is used
_kcfis_fault_control	0	Fault Injection Control
_kcfis_io_prefetch_size	8	Smart IO prefetch size for a cell
_kcfis_ioreqs_throttle_enabled	TRUE	Enable Smart IO requests throttling
_kcfis_kept_in_cellfc_enabled	TRUE	Enable usage of cellsrv flash cache for kept objects
_kcfis_large_payload_enabled	FALSE	enable large payload to be passed to cellsrv
_kcfis_max_cached_sessions	10	Sets the maximum number of kcfis sessions cached
_kcfis_max_out_translations	5000	Sets the maximum number of outstanding translations in kcfis
_kcfis_nonkept_in_cellfc_enabled	FALSE	Enable use of cellsrv flash cache for non-kept objects
_kcfis_oss_io_size	0	KCFIS OSS I/O size
_kcfis_rdbms_blockio_enabled	FALSE	Use block IO instead of smart IO in the smart IO module on RDBMS
_kcfis_read_buffer_limit	0	KCFIS Read Buffer (per session) memory limit in bytes
_kcfis_spawn_debugger	FALSE	Decides whether to spawn the debugger at kcfis initialize
_kcfis_stats_level	0	sets kcfis stats level
_kcfis_storageidx_diag_mode	0	Debug mode for storage index on the cell
_kcfis_storageidx_disabled	FALSE	Don't use storage index optimization on the storage cell
_kcfis_test_control1	0	kcfis tst control1
_kcfis_trace_bucket_size	131072	KCFIS tracing bucket size in bytes
_kcfis_trace_level	0	sets kcfis tracing level
_kcfis_work_set_appliances	2	Working Set of appliances in a KCFIS session
_kcl_commit	TRUE	if TRUE, call kjbcommit
_kcl_conservative_log_flush	FALSE	if TRUE, conservatively log flush before CR serving
_kcl_debug	TRUE	if TRUE, record le history
_kcl_index_split	TRUE	if TRUE, reject pings on blocks in middle of a split
_kd_symtab_chk	TRUE	enable or disable symbol table integrity block check
_kdbl_enable_post_allocation	FALSE	allocate dbas after populating data buffers
_kdi_avoid_block_checking	FALSE	avoid index block checking on sensitive opcodes
_kdic_segarr_sz	0	size threshold for segmented arrays for seg_info_kdicctx
_kdis_reject_level	24	b+tree level to enable rejection limit
_kdis_reject_limit	5	#block rejections in space reclamation before segment extension
_kdis_reject_ops	FALSE	enable rejection heuristic for branch splits
_kdli_STOP_bsz	0	undocumented parameter for internal use only
_kdli_STOP_dba	0	undocumented parameter for internal use only
_kdli_STOP_fsz	0	undocumented parameter for internal use only
_kdli_STOP_nio	0	undocumented parameter for internal use only
_kdli_STOP_tsn	0	undocumented parameter for internal use only
_kdli_allow_corrupt	TRUE	allow corrupt filesystem_logging data blocks during read/write
_kdli_buffer_inject	TRUE	use buffer injection for CACHE [NO]LOGGING lobs
_kdli_cache_inode	TRUE	cache inode state across calls
_kdli_cache_read_threshold	0	minimum lob size for cache->nocache read (0 disables heuristic)
_kdli_cache_size	8	maximum #entries in inode cache
_kdli_cache_verify	FALSE	verify cached inode via deserialization
_kdli_cache_write_threshold	0	minimum lob size for cache->nocache write (0 disables heuristic)
_kdli_cacheable_length	0	minimum lob length for inode cacheability
_kdli_checkpoint_flush	FALSE	do not invalidate cache buffers after write
_kdli_dbc	none	override db_block_checking setting for securefiles
_kdli_delay_flushes	TRUE	delay flushing cache writes to direct-write lobs
_kdli_flush_cache_reads	FALSE	flush cache-reads data blocks after load
_kdli_flush_injections	TRUE	flush injected buffers of CACHE NOLOGGING lobs before commit
_kdli_force_cr	TRUE	force CR when reading data blocks of direct-write lobs
_kdli_force_cr_meta	TRUE	force CR when reading metadata blocks of direct-write lobs
_kdli_force_storage	none	force storage settings for all lobs
_kdli_full_readahead_threshold	0	maximum lob size for full readahead
_kdli_inject_assert	0	inject asserts into the inode
_kdli_inject_batch	0	buffer injection batch size [1, KCBNEWMAX]
_kdli_inject_crash	0	inject crashes into the inode
_kdli_inline_xfm	TRUE	allow inline transformed lobs
_kdli_inode_preference	data	inline inode evolution preference (data, headless, lhb)
_kdli_inplace_overwrite	0	maximum inplace overwrite size (> chunksize)
_kdli_itree_entries	0	#entries in lhb/itree blocks (for testing only)
_kdli_memory_protect	FALSE	trace accesses to inode memory outside kdli API functions
_kdli_oneblk	FALSE	allocate chunks as single blocks
_kdli_preallocation_mode	length	preallocation mode for lob growth
_kdli_preallocation_pct	0	percentage preallocation [0 .. inf) for lob growth
_kdli_rci_lobmap_entries	255	#entries in RCI lobmap before migration to lhb
_kdli_readahead_limit	0	shared/cached IO readahead limit
_kdli_readahead_strategy	contig	shared/cached IO readahead strategy
_kdli_recent_scn	FALSE	use recent (not dependent) scns for block format/allocation
_kdli_reshape	FALSE	reshape an inode to inline or headless on length truncation
_kdli_safe_callbacks	TRUE	invoke inode read/write callbacks safely
_kdli_sio_async	TRUE	asynchronous shared IO
_kdli_sio_backoff	FALSE	use exponential backoff when attempting SIOP allocations
_kdli_sio_bps	0	maximum blocks per IO slot
_kdli_sio_dop	2	degree-of-parallelism in the SIO keep pool
_kdli_sio_fbwrite_pct	35	percentage of buffer used for direct writes in flashback-db
_kdli_sio_fgio	TRUE	reap asynchronous IO in the foreground
_kdli_sio_fileopen	none	shared IO fileopen mode: datasync vs nodatasync vs async
_kdli_sio_flush	FALSE	enable shared IO pool operations
_kdli_sio_free	TRUE	free IO buffers when not in active use
_kdli_sio_min_read	0	shared IO pool read threshold
_kdli_sio_min_write	0	shared IO pool write threshold
_kdli_sio_nbufs	8	maximum #IO buffers to allocate per session
_kdli_sio_niods	8	maximum #IO descriptors to allocate per session
_kdli_sio_on	TRUE	enable shared IO pool operations
_kdli_sio_pga	FALSE	use PGA allocations for direct IO
_kdli_sio_pga_top	FALSE	PGA allocations come from toplevel PGA heap
_kdli_sio_strategy	extent	shared IO strategy: block vs. extent
_kdli_sio_write_pct	100	percentage of buffer used for direct writes
_kdli_small_cache_limit	32	size limit of small inode cache
_kdli_sort_dbas	FALSE	sort dbas during chunkification
_kdli_space_cache_limit	2048	maximum size of the space cache in #blocks
_kdli_squeeze	TRUE	compact lobmap extents with contiguous dbas
_kdli_timer_dmp	FALSE	dump inode timers on session termination
_kdli_timer_trc	FALSE	trace inode timers to uts/tracefile
_kdli_trace	0	inode trace level
_kdli_vll_direct	TRUE	use skip-navigation and direct-positioning in vll-domain
_kdlu_max_bucket_size	4194304	UTS kdlu bucket size
_kdlu_max_bucket_size_mts	131072	UTS kdlu bucket size for mts
_kdlu_trace_layer	0	UTS kdlu per-layer trace level
_kdlu_trace_session	0	UTS session dump
_kdlu_trace_system	0	UTS system dump
_kdlw_enable_ksi_locking	FALSE	enable ksi locking for lobs
_kdlw_enable_write_gathering	TRUE	enable lob write gathering for sql txns
_kdlwp_flush_threshold	4194304	WGC flush threshold in bytes
_kdlxp_cmp_subunit_size	262144	size of compression sub-unit in bytes
_kdlxp_dedup_flush_threshold	8388608	deduplication flush threshold in bytes
_kdlxp_dedup_hash_algo	SHA1	secure hash algorithm for deduplication - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_dedup_inl_pctfree	5	deduplication pct size increase by which inlining avoided
_kdlxp_dedup_prefix_threshold	1048576	deduplication prefix hash threshold in bytes
_kdlxp_dedup_wapp_len	0	deduplication length to allow write-append
_kdlxp_lobcmpadp	FALSE	enable adaptive compression - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_lobcmplevel	2	Default securefile compression
_kdlxp_lobcmprciver	1	Default securefile compression map version
_kdlxp_lobcompress	FALSE	enable lob compression - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_lobdeduplicate	FALSE	enable lob deduplication - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_lobdedupvalidate	TRUE	enable deduplicate validate - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_lobencrypt	FALSE	enable lob encryption - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_mincmp	20	minimum comp ratio in pct - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_mincmplen	200	minimum loblen to compress - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_minxfm_size	32768	minimum transformation size in bytes
_kdlxp_spare1	0	deduplication spare 1
_kdlxp_uncmp	FALSE	lob data uncompressed - only on SecureFiles
_kdlxp_xfmcache	TRUE	enable xfm cache - only on SecureFiles
_kdt_buffering	TRUE	control kdt buffering for conventional inserts
_kdtgsp_retries	1024	max number of retries in kdtgsp if space returns same block
_kdu_array_depth	16	array update retry recursion depth limits
_kdz_hcc_flags	0	Miscellaneous HCC flags
_kdz_hcc_track_upd_rids	TRUE	Enable rowid tracking during updates
_kebm_nstrikes	3	kebm # strikes to auto suspend an action
_kebm_suspension_time	82800	kebm auto suspension time in seconds
_keep_remote_column_size	FALSE	remote column size does not get modified
_kernel_message_network_driver	FALSE	kernel message network driver
_kes_parse_model	2	SQL Tune/SPA KES Layer Parse Model control parameter
_kffmap_hash_size	1024	size of kffmap_hash table
_kffmop_hash_size	2048	size of kffmop_hash table
_kfm_disable_set_fence	FALSE	disable set fence calls and revert to default (process fence)
_kghdsidx_count	4	max kghdsidx count
_kgl_bucket_count	9	Library cache hash table bucket count (2^_kgl_bucket_count * 256)
_kgl_cluster_lock	TRUE	Library cache support for cluster lock
_kgl_cluster_lock_read_mostly	FALSE	Library cache support for cluster lock read mostly optimization
_kgl_cluster_pin	TRUE	Library cache support for cluster pins
_kgl_debug		Library cache debugging
_kgl_fixed_extents	TRUE	fixed extent size for library cache memory allocations
_kgl_hash_collision	FALSE	Library cache name hash collision possible
_kgl_heap_size	4096	extent size for library cache heap 0
_kgl_hot_object_copies	0	Number of copies for the hot object
_kgl_kqr_cap_so_stacks	FALSE	capture stacks for library and row cache state objects
_kgl_large_heap_warning_threshold	52428800	maximum heap size before KGL writes warnings to the alert log
_kgl_latch_count	0	number of library cache latches
_kgl_message_locks	64	RAC message lock count
_kgl_min_cached_so_count	1	Minimum cached SO count. If > 1 can help find SO corruptions
_kgl_time_to_wait_for_locks	15	time to wait for locks and pins before timing out
_kglsim_maxmem_percent	5	max percentage of shared pool size to be used for KGL advice
_kgsb_threshold_size	16777216	threshold size for base allocator
_kgx_latches	1024	# of mutex latches if CAS is not supported.
_kill_controlfile_enqueue_blocker	TRUE	enable killing controlfile enqueue blocker on timeout
_kill_diagnostics_timeout	60	timeout delay in seconds before killing enqueue blocker
_kill_enqueue_blocker	2	if greater than 0 enables killing enqueue blocker
_kill_java_threads_on_eoc	FALSE	Kill Java threads and do sessionspace migration at end of call
_kill_session_dump	TRUE	Process dump on kill session immediate
_kkfi_trace	FALSE	trace expression substitution
_kks_cached_parse_errors	0	KKS cached parse errors
_kks_free_cursor_stat_pct	10	percentage of cursor stats buckets to scan on each load, in 1/10th of a percent
_kokli_cache_size	128	Size limit of ADT Table Lookup Cache
_kokln_current_read	FALSE	Make all LOB reads for this session 'current' reads
_kolfuseslf	FALSE	allow kolf to use slffopen
_kql_subheap_trace	0	tracing level for library cache subheap level pins
_ksb_restart_clean_time	30000	process uptime for restarts
_ksb_restart_policy_times	0, 60, 120, 240	process restart policy times in seconds
_ksd_test_param	999	KSD test parmeter
_ksdx_charset_ratio	0	ratio between the system and oradebug character set
_ksdxdocmd_default_timeout_ms	30000	default timeout for internal oradebug commands
_ksdxdocmd_enabled	TRUE	if TRUE ksdxdocmd* invocations are enabled
_ksdxw_cini_flg	0	ksdxw context initialization flag
_ksdxw_nbufs	1000	ksdxw number of buffers in buffered mode
_ksdxw_num_pgw	10	number of watchpoints on a per-process basis
_ksdxw_num_sgw	10	number of watchpoints to be shared by all processes
_ksdxw_stack_depth	4	number of PCs to collect in the stack when watchpoint is hit
_kse_die_timeout	60000	amount of time a dying process is spared by PMON (in centi-secs)
_kse_pc_table_size	256	kse pc table cache size
_kse_signature_entries	0	number of entries in the kse stack signature cache
_kse_signature_limit	7	number of stack frames to cache per kse signature
_kse_snap_ring_record_stack	FALSE	should error snap ring entries show a short stack trace
_kse_snap_ring_size	0	ring buffer to debug internal error 17090
_kse_trace_int_msg_clear	FALSE	enables soft assert of KGECLEAERERROR is cleares an interrupt message
_ksfd_verify_write	FALSE	verify asynchronous writes issued through ksfd
_ksi_clientlocks_enabled	TRUE	if TRUE, DLM-clients can provide the lock memory
_ksi_trace		KSI trace string of lock type(s)
_ksi_trace_bucket	PRIVATE	memory tracing: use ksi-private or rdbms-shared bucket
_ksi_trace_bucket_size	8192	size of the KSI trace bucket
_ksm_post_sga_init_notif_delay_secs	0	seconds to delay instance startup at sga initialization (post)
_ksm_pre_sga_init_notif_delay_secs	0	seconds to delay instance startup at sga initialization (pre)
_ksmb_debug	0	ksmb debug flags
_ksmd_protect_mode	off	KSMD protect mode for catching stale access
_ksmg_granule_locking_status	1	granule locking status
_ksmg_granule_size	67108864	granule size in bytes
_ksmg_lock_check_interval		timeout action interval in minutes
_ksmg_lock_reacquire_count	5	repeat count for acquisition of locks
_kspol_tac_timeout	5	timeouts for TAC registerd by kspol
_ksr_unit_test_processes	0	number of ksr unit test processes
_kss_callstack_type		state object callstack trace type
_kss_quiet	FALSE	if TRUE access violations during kss dumps are not recorded
_ksu_diag_kill_time	5	number of seconds ksuitm waits before killing diag
_ksuitm_addon_trccmd		command to execute when dead processes don't go away
_ksuitm_dont_kill_dumper	FALSE	delay inst. termination to allow processes to dump
_ksv_dynamic_flags1	0	ksv dynamic flags 1 - override default behavior
_ksv_max_spawn_fail_limit	5	bg slave spawn failure limit
_ksv_pool_hang_kill_to	0	bg slave pool terminate timeout
_ksv_pool_wait_timeout	600	bg slave pool wait limit
_ksv_spawn_control_all	FALSE	control all spawning of background slaves
_ksv_static_flags1	0	ksv static flags 1 - override default behavior
_ksvppktmode	0	ksv internal pkt test
_ksxp_compat_flags	0	ksxp compat flags
_ksxp_control_flags	0	modify ksxp behavior
_ksxp_diagmode	OFF	set to OFF to disable automatic slowsend diagnostics
_ksxp_disable_clss	0	disable CLSS interconnects
_ksxp_disable_dynamic_loading	FALSE	disable dynamic loadin of lib skgxp
_ksxp_disable_ipc_stats	FALSE	disable ipc statistics
_ksxp_disable_rolling_migration	FALSE	disable possibility of starting rolling migration
_ksxp_dump_timeout	20	set timeout for kjzddmp request
_ksxp_dynamic_skgxp_param		dynamic skgxp parameters
_ksxp_if_config	0	ksxp if config flags
_ksxp_init_stats_bkts	0	initial number arrays for ipc statistics
_ksxp_lwipc_enabled	FALSE	enable lwipc for KSXP
_ksxp_max_stats_bkts	0	max. arrays for ipc statistics
_ksxp_ping_enable	TRUE	disable dynamic loadin of lib skgxp
_ksxp_ping_polling_time	0	max. arrays for ipc statistics
_ksxp_reaping	20	tune ksxp layer reaping limit
_ksxp_reporting_process	LMD0	reporting process for KSXP
_ksxp_send_timeout	300	set timeout for sends queued with the inter-instance IPC
_ksxp_skgxp_compat_library_path		over-ride default location of lib skgxp compat
_ksxp_skgxp_ctx_flags1	0	IPC debug options flags (RAC)
_ksxp_skgxp_ctx_flags1mask	0	IPC debug options flags mask (RAC)
_ksxp_skgxp_dynamic_protocol	4096	IPC protocol override (RAC) (0/-1=*,2=UDP,3=RDS,!0x1000=ipc_X)
_ksxp_skgxp_library_path		over-ride default location of lib skgxp
_ksxp_skgxp_rgn_ports	0	region socket limits (0xFFFFNNXX): F=flags, N=min, X=max
_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param1		ipc ksxp spare parameter 1
_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param2		ipc ksxp spare parameter 2
_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param3		ipc ksxp spare parameter 3
_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param4		ipc ksxp spare parameter 4
_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param5		ipc ksxp spare parameter 5
_ksxp_skgxpg_last_parameter	26	last defined skgxpg parameter - ksxp
_ksxp_stats_mem_lmt	0	limit ipc statistics memory. this parameter is a percentage value
_ksxp_testing	0	KSXP test parameter
_ksxp_unit_test_byte_transformation	FALSE	enable byte transformation unit test
_ksxp_wait_flags	0	tune ksxpwait
_ktb_debug_flags	0	ktb-layer debug flags
_ktc_debug	0	for ktc debug
_ktc_latches	0	number of ktc latches
_ktslj_segext_max_mb	0	segment pre-extension max size in MB (0: unlimited)
_ktslj_segext_retry	5	segment pre-extension retry
_ktslj_segext_warning	10	segment pre-extension warning threshold in percentage
_ktslj_segext_warning_mb	0	segment pre-extension warning threshold in MB
_ktspsrch_maxsc	1024	maximum segments supported by space search cache
_ktspsrch_maxskip	5	space search cache rejection skip upper limit
_kttext_warning	5	tablespace pre-extension warning threshold in percentage
_ktu_latches	0	number of KTU latches
_ku_trace	none	datapump trace parameter
_large_pool_min_alloc	65536	minimum allocation size in bytes for the large allocation pool
_last_allocation_period	5	period over which an instance can retain an active level1 bitmap
_latch_class_0		latch class 0
_latch_class_1		latch class 1
_latch_class_2		latch class 2
_latch_class_3		latch class 3
_latch_class_4		latch class 4
_latch_class_5		latch class 5
_latch_class_6		latch class 6
_latch_class_7		latch class 7
_latch_classes		latch classes override
_latch_miss_stat_sid	0	Sid of process for which to collect latch stats
_latch_recovery_alignment	65534	align latch recovery structures
_ldr_io_size	262144	size of write IOs used during a load operation
_ldr_io_size2	1048576	size of write IOs used during a load operation of EHCC with HWMB
_ldr_pga_lim	0	pga limit, beyond which new partition loads are delayed
_left_nested_loops_random	TRUE	enable random distribution method for left of nestedloops
_lgwr_delay_write	FALSE	LGWR write delay for debugging
_lgwr_io_slaves	0	LGWR I/O slaves
_lgwr_max_ns_wt	1	Maximum wait time for lgwr to allow NetServer to progress
_lgwr_ns_nl_max	1000	Variable to simulate network latency or buffer threshold
_lgwr_ns_nl_min	500	Variable to simulate network latency or buffer threshold
_lgwr_ns_sim_err	0	Variable to simulate errors lgwrns
_lgwr_posts_for_pending_bcasts	FALSE	LGWR posts commit waiters for pending broadcasts
_lgwr_ta_sim_err	0	Variable to simulate errors lgwr true async
_library_cache_advice	TRUE	whether KGL advice should be turned on
_lightweight_hdrs	TRUE	Lightweight headers for redo
_like_with_bind_as_equality	FALSE	treat LIKE predicate with bind as an equality predicate
_limit_itls	20	limit the number of ITLs in OLTP Compressed Tables
_lm_activate_lms_threshold	100	threshold value to activate an additional lms
_lm_asm_enq_hashing	TRUE	if TRUE makes ASM use enqueue master hashing for fusion locks
_lm_batch_compression_threshold	0	GES threshold to start compression on batch messages
_lm_better_ddvictim	TRUE	GES better deadlock victim
_lm_broadcast_res	disable	Enable broadcast of highest held mode of resource.
_lm_broadcast_resname	AD	Trace string of resource type(s)
_lm_cache_allocated_res_ratio	50	ratio of cached over allocated resources
_lm_cache_lvl0_cleanup	0	how often to cleanup level 0 cache res (in sec)
_lm_cache_res_cleanup	25	percentage of cached resources should be cleanup
_lm_cache_res_cleanup_tries	10	max number of batches of cached resources to free per cleanup
_lm_cache_res_options	0	ges resource cache options
_lm_cache_res_skip_cleanup	20	multiple of iniital res cache below which cleanup is skipped
_lm_cache_res_type	TMHWHVDI	cache resource: string of lock types(s)
_lm_checksum_batch_msg	0	GES checksum batch messages
_lm_compression_scheme	zlib	GES compression scheme
_lm_contiguous_res_count	256	number of contiguous blocks that will hash to the same HV bucket
_lm_dd_ignore_nodd	FALSE	if TRUE nodeadlockwait/nodeadlockblock options are ignored
_lm_dd_interval	10	dd time interval in seconds
_lm_dd_max_search_time	180	max dd search time per token
_lm_dd_maxdump	50	max number of locks to be dumped during dd validation
_lm_dd_scan_interval	5	dd scan interval in seconds
_lm_dd_search_cnt	3	number of dd search per token get
_lm_deferred_msg_timeout	163	deferred message timeout
_lm_drm_batch_time	10	time in seconds to wait to batch drm requests
_lm_drm_disable	0	disable drm in different level
_lm_drm_hiload_percentage	200	drm high load threshold percentage
_lm_drm_lowload_percentage	200	drm low load threshold percentage
_lm_drm_max_requests	100	dynamic remastering maximum affinity requests processed together
_lm_drm_min_interval	300	minimum interval in secs between two consecutive drms
_lm_drm_object_scan	TRUE	enable/disable object scan to force full table scan always
_lm_drm_window	0	dynamic remastering bucket window size
_lm_drm_xlatch	0	dynamic remastering forced exclusive latches
_lm_dump_null_lock	FALSE	dump null lock in state dump
_lm_dynamic_lms	FALSE	dynamic lms invocation
_lm_dynamic_load	TRUE	dynamic load adjustment
_lm_enable_aff_benefit_stats	FALSE	enables affinity benefit computations if TRUE
_lm_enq_lock_freelist		Number of ges enqueue element freelist
_lm_enq_rcfg	TRUE	if TRUE enables enqueue reconfiguration
_lm_enqueue_blocker_dump_timeout	120	enqueue blocker dump timeout
_lm_enqueue_blocker_kill_timeout	0	enqueue blocker kill timeout
_lm_enqueue_freelist	3	Number of enqueue freelist
_lm_enqueue_timeout	360	enqueue suggested min timeout in seconds
_lm_file_affinity		mapping between file id and master instance number
_lm_file_read_mostly		mapping between read-mostly file id and master instance number
_lm_free_queue_threshold	0	GES free queue threshold
_lm_freeze_kill_time	30	timeout for killing unfrozen processes in rcfg/drm freeze step
_lm_global_posts	TRUE	if TRUE deliver global posts to remote nodes
_lm_hb_callstack_collect_time	5	hb diagnostic call stack collection time in seconds
_lm_hb_disable_check_list	none	list of process names to be disabled in heartbeat check
_lm_high_load_sysload_percentage	90	high watermark system load percentage
_lm_high_load_threshold	5	high load threshold parameter
_lm_idle_connection_check	TRUE	GES idle connection check
_lm_idle_connection_check_interval	140	GES idle connection check interval time
_lm_idle_connection_instance_check_callout	FALSE	GES idle connection instance check callout
_lm_idle_connection_kill	TRUE	GES idle connection kill
_lm_kill_fg_on_timeout	TRUE	GES kill fg on IPC timeout
_lm_lhupd_interval	5	load and health update interval
_lm_lmd_waittime	8	default wait time for lmd in centiseconds
_lm_lmon_nowait_latch	TRUE	if TRUE makes lmon get nowait latches with timeout loop
_lm_lms	4	number of background gcs server processes to start
_lm_lms_priority_dynamic	TRUE	enable lms priority modification
_lm_lms_rt_threshold		maximum number of real time lms processes on machine
_lm_lms_spin	FALSE	make lms not sleep
_lm_lms_waittime	3	default wait time for lms in centiseconds
_lm_local_hp_enq	TRUE	use static file affinity for HP enqueue mastership
_lm_locks	12000	number of enqueues configured for cluster database
_lm_low_load_percentage	75	low watermark percentage for load threshold
_lm_master_weight	1	master resource weight for this instance
_lm_max_lms	2	max. number of background global cache server processes
_lm_msg_batch_size	8192	GES batch message size
_lm_msg_cleanup_interval	3000	GES message buffer cleanup interval time
_lm_no_lh_check	FALSE	skip load and health check at decision points
_lm_no_sync	TRUE	skip reconfiguration/drm syncr/synca messaging
_lm_node_join_opt	FALSE	cluster database node join optimization in reconfig
_lm_non_fault_tolerant	FALSE	disable cluster database fault-tolerance mode
_lm_num_pt_buckets	8192	number of buckets in the object affinity hash table
_lm_num_pt_latches	128	number of latches in the object affinity hash table
_lm_postevent_buffer_size	256	postevent buffer size
_lm_preregister_css_restype	CF	enqueue type that requires pre-registration to css
_lm_proc_freeze_timeout	70	reconfiguration: process freeze timeout
_lm_process_batching	TRUE	GES implicit process batching for IPC messages
_lm_procs	320	number of client processes configured for cluster database
_lm_psrcfg	TRUE	enable pseudo reconfiguration
_lm_rac_spare_dp1	0	rac parameter dp1
_lm_rac_spare_dp10		rac parameter dp10
_lm_rac_spare_dp2	0	rac parameter dp2
_lm_rac_spare_dp3	0	rac parameter dp3
_lm_rac_spare_dp4	0	rac parameter dp4
_lm_rac_spare_dp5	0	rac parameter dp5
_lm_rac_spare_dp6		rac parameter dp6
_lm_rac_spare_dp7		rac parameter dp7
_lm_rac_spare_dp8		rac parameter dp8
_lm_rac_spare_dp9		rac parameter dp9
_lm_rac_spare_p1	0	rac parameter p1
_lm_rac_spare_p10		rac parameter p10
_lm_rac_spare_p2	0	rac parameter p2
_lm_rac_spare_p3	0	rac parameter p3
_lm_rac_spare_p4	0	rac parameter p4
_lm_rac_spare_p5	0	rac parameter p5
_lm_rac_spare_p6		rac parameter p6
_lm_rac_spare_p7		rac parameter p7
_lm_rac_spare_p8		rac parameter p8
_lm_rac_spare_p9		rac parameter p9
_lm_rcfg_timeout	489	dlm reconfiguration timeout
_lm_rcvinst	TRUE	designated instance to do instance recovery
_lm_rcvr_hang_allow_time	70	receiver hang allow time in seconds
_lm_rcvr_hang_cfio_kill	FALSE	to kill receiver hang at control file IO
_lm_rcvr_hang_check_frequency	20	receiver hang check frequency in seconds
_lm_rcvr_hang_check_system_load	TRUE	examine system load when check receiver health
_lm_rcvr_hang_kill	TRUE	to kill receiver hang
_lm_rcvr_hang_systemstate_dump_level	0	systemstate dump level upon receiver hang
_lm_res_hash_bucket	0	number of resource hash buckets
_lm_res_part	128	number of resource partition configured for gcs
_lm_ress	6000	number of resources configured for cluster database
_lm_send_mode	auto	GES send mode
_lm_send_queue_batching	TRUE	GES send queue message batching
_lm_send_queue_length	5000	GES send queue maximum length
_lm_sendproxy_reserve	25	GES percentage of send proxy reserve of send tickets
_lm_share_lock_opt	FALSE	if TRUE enables share lock optimization
_lm_single_inst_affinity_lock	FALSE	enable single instance affinity lock optimization
_lm_spare_threads	0	number of spare threads to be created by the GPnP master
_lm_spare_undo	0	number of spare undo tablespaces to be created by GPnP master
_lm_sq_batch_factor	2	GES send queue minimum batching factor
_lm_sq_batch_type	auto	GES send queue batching mechanism
_lm_sq_batch_waittick	3	GES send queue batching waittime in tick
_lm_sync_timeout	163	Synchronization timeout for DLM reconfiguration steps
_lm_ticket_active_sendback		Flow control ticket active sendback threshold
_lm_tickets	1000	GES messaging tickets
_lm_tx_delta	16	TX lock localization delta
_lm_use_gcr	TRUE	use GCR module if TRUE
_lm_use_new_defmsgtmo_action	TRUE	use new defered msg queue timeout action
_lm_use_tx_tsn	TRUE	use undo tsn affinity master as TX enqueue master
_lm_validate_pbatch	FALSE	GES process batch validation
_lm_validate_resource_type	FALSE	if TRUE enables resource name validation
_lm_watchpoint_maximum	3	GES number of watchpoints
_lm_watchpoint_timeout	3600	GES maximum time in seconds to keep watchpoint
_lm_xids	352	number of transaction IDs configured for cluster database
_lmn_compression	TRUE	suppl logging for compression enabled
_load_without_compile	none	Load PL/SQL or Database objects without compilation
_local_arc_assert_on_wait	FALSE	Assert whenever local ORL arch waits for space
_local_communication_costing_enabled	TRUE	enable local communication costing when TRUE
_local_communication_ratio	50	set the ratio between global and local communication (0..100)
_local_hang_analysis_interval_secs	3	the interval at which local hang analysis is run
_lock_sga_areas	0	Lock specified areas of the SGA in physical memory
_log_archive_avoid_memcpy	TRUE	log archive avoid memcpy
_log_archive_buffers	10	Number of buffers to allocate for archiving
_log_archive_callout		archival callout
_log_archive_network_redo_size	10	Log archive network redo buffer size used by ARCH
_log_archive_prot_auto_demote	FALSE	log archive protection auto demotion
_log_archive_security_enabled	TRUE	log archive security enabled
_log_archive_strong_auth	TRUE	log archive security strong auth
_log_archive_trace_pids		log archive trace pids parameter
_log_blocks_during_backup	TRUE	log block images when changed during backup
_log_buffer_coalesce	FALSE	Coalescing log buffers for log writes
_log_buffers_corrupt	FALSE	corrupt redo buffers before write
_log_buffers_debug	FALSE	debug redo buffers (slows things down)
_log_checkpoint_recovery_check	0	# redo blocks to verify after checkpoint
_log_committime_block_cleanout	FALSE	Log commit-time block cleanout
_log_deletion_policy	mandatory	archivelog deletion policy for mandatory/all destination
_log_event_queues	0	number of the log writer event queues
_log_file_sync_timeout	10	Log file sync timeout (centiseconds)
_log_io_size	0	automatically initiate log write if this many redo blocks in buffer
_log_max_optimize_threads	128	maximum number of threads to which log scan optimization is applied
_log_parallelism_dynamic	TRUE	Enable dynamic strands
_log_parallelism_max	2	Maximum number of log buffer strands
_log_private_mul	5	Private strand multiplier for log space preallocation
_log_private_parallelism_mul	10	Active sessions multiplier to deduce number of private strands
_log_read_buffer_size	8	buffer size for reading log files
_log_read_buffers	8	Number of log read buffers for media recovery
_log_simultaneous_copies	32	number of simultaneous copies into redo buffer(# of copy latches)
_log_space_errors	TRUE	should we report space errors to alert log
_log_switch_timeout	0	Maximum number of seconds redos in the current log could span
_logout_storm_rate	0	number of processes that can logout in a second
_logout_storm_retrycnt	600	maximum retry count for logouts
_logout_storm_timeout	5	timeout in centi-seconds for time to wait between retries
_long_bcast_ack_warning_threshold	500	threshold for long bcast ack warning messages in ms
_long_log_write_warning_threshold	500	threshold for long log write warning messages in ms
_longops_enabled	TRUE	longops stats enabled
_low_server_threshold	0	low server thresholds
_lowres_drift_allowed_sec	5	allowed lowres timer drift for VKTM
_ltc_trace	0	tracing level for load table conventional
_main_dead_process_scan_interval	0	PMON main dead process scan interval (in seconds)
_master_direct_sends	31	direct sends for messages from master (DFS)
_mav_refresh_consistent_read	TRUE	refresh materialized views using consistent read snapshot
_mav_refresh_double_count_prevented	FALSE	materialized view MAV refreshes avoid double counting
_mav_refresh_opt	0	optimizations during refresh of materialized views
_mav_refresh_unionall_tables	3	# tables for union all expansion during materialized view refresh
_max_aq_persistent_queue_memory	10	max aq persistent queue memory
_max_async_wait_for_catch_up	20	Switchover wait time for async LNS to catch up in seconds
_max_cr_rollbacks	0	Maximum number of CR  rollbacks per block (LMS)
_max_exponential_sleep	0	max sleep during exponential backoff
_max_filestat_tries	10	maximum number of file stat tries
_max_fsu_segments	4096	Maximum segments to track for fast space usage
_max_fsu_stale_time	600	Allowed space usage staleness in seconds
_max_io_size	1048576	Maximum I/O size in bytes for sequential file accesses
_max_large_io	0	IORM:max number of large I/O's to issue
_max_largepage_alloc_time_secs	10	Maximum number of seconds to spend on largepage allocation
_max_lns_shutdown_archival_time	30	Maximum time spent by LNS to archive last log during shutdown
_max_pending_scn_bcasts	8	maximum number of pending SCN broadcasts
_max_protocol_support	10000	Max occurrence protocols supported in a process
_max_reasonable_scn_rate	32768	Max reasonable SCN rate
_max_rwgs_groupings	8192	maximum no of groupings on materialized views
_max_services	150	maximum number of database services
_max_shrink_obj_stats	0	number of segments for which shrink stats will be maintained
_max_sleep_holding_latch	4	max time to sleep while holding a latch
_max_small_io	0	IORM:max number of small I/O's to issue
_max_spacebg_msgs_percentage	50	maximum space management interrupt message throttling
_max_spacebg_slaves	10	maximum space management background slaves
_max_spacebg_tasks	1000	maximum space management background tasks
_media_recovery_read_batch	32	media recovery block read batch
_mem_annotation_pr_lev	0	private memory annotation collection level
_mem_annotation_scale	1	memory annotation pre-allocation scaling
_mem_annotation_sh_lev	0	shared memory annotation collection level
_mem_annotation_store	FALSE	memory annotation in-memory store
_mem_std_extent_size	4096	standard extent size for fixed-size-extent heaps
_memory_broker_log_stat_entries	5	memory broker num stat entries
_memory_broker_marginal_utility_bc	12	Marginal Utility threshold pct for bc
_memory_broker_marginal_utility_sp	7	Marginal Utility threshold pct for sp
_memory_broker_shrink_heaps	15	memory broker allow policy to shrink shared pool
_memory_broker_shrink_java_heaps	900	memory broker allow policy to shrink java pool
_memory_broker_shrink_streams_pool	900	memory broker allow policy to shrink streams pool
_memory_broker_shrink_timeout	60000000	memory broker policy to timeout shrink shared/java pool
_memory_broker_stat_interval	30	memory broker statistics gathering interval for auto sga
_memory_checkinuse_timeintv	30	check inuse time interval
_memory_imm_mode_without_autosga	TRUE	Allow immediate mode without sga/memory target
_memory_initial_sga_split_perc	60	Initial default sga target percentage with memory target
_memory_management_tracing	0	trace memory management activity
_memory_mgmt_fail_immreq	FALSE	always fail immediate mode request
_memory_mgmt_immreq_timeout	150	time in seconds to time out immediate mode request
_memory_nocancel_defsgareq	FALSE	do not cancel deferred sga reqs with auto-memory
_memory_sanity_check	0	partial granule sanity check
_messages	3000	message queue resources - dependent on # processes & # buffers
_mgd_rcv_handle_orphan_datafiles	FALSE	Managed recovery handle orphan datafile situation
_midtier_affinity_clusterwait_threshold	100	cluster wait threshold to enter affinity
_midtier_affinity_goodness_threshold	2000	goodness gradient threshold to dissolve affinity
_minfree_plus	0	max percentage of block space + minfree before we mark block full
_minimal_stats_aggregation	TRUE	prohibit stats aggregation at compile/partition maintenance time
_minimum_blocks_to_shrink	0	minimum number freeable blocks for shrink to be present
_minimum_db_flashback_retention	60	Minimum flashback retention
_minimum_extents_to_shrink	1	minimum number freeable extents for shrink to be present
_mirror_redo_buffers	FALSE	Save buffers for debugging redo corruptions
_mmv_query_rewrite_enabled	TRUE	allow rewrites with multiple MVs and/or base tables
_module_action_old_length	TRUE	Use module and action old length parameter
_mpmt_enabled	FALSE	MPMT mode enabled
_multi_instance_pmr	TRUE	force multi instance or single instance parallel recovery
_multi_join_key_table_lookup	TRUE	TRUE iff multi-join-key table lookup prefetch is enabled
_multiple_instance_recovery	FALSE	use multiple instances for media recovery
_mutex_spin_count	255	Mutex spin count
_mutex_wait_scheme	2	Mutex wait scheme
_mutex_wait_time	1	Mutex wait time
_mv_generalized_oj_refresh_opt	TRUE	enable/disable new algorithm for MJV with generalized outer joins
_mv_refresh_ana	0	what percent to analyze after complete/PCT refresh
_mv_refresh_costing	rule	refresh decision based on cost or on rules
_mv_refresh_delta_fraction	10	delta mv as fractional percentage of size of mv
_mv_refresh_enhanced_dml_detection	ON_RC	enable enhanced detection of DML types from MV log
_mv_refresh_eut	TRUE	refresh materialized views using EUT(partition)-based algorithm
_mv_refresh_force_parallel_query	0	force materialized view refreshes to use parallel query
_mv_refresh_new_setup_disabled	FALSE	materialized view MV refresh new setup disabling
_mv_refresh_no_idx_rebuild	FALSE	avoid index rebuild  as part of the MV refresh
_mv_refresh_pkfk_data_units_opt	auto	control MV refresh based on the assumption of PK-FK data units
_mv_refresh_pkfk_relationship_opt	TRUE	control MV refresh based on the use of PK-FK relationships
_mv_refresh_rebuild_percentage	10	minimum percentage change required in MV to force an indexrebuild
_mv_refresh_selections	TRUE	create materialized views with selections and fast refresh
_mv_refresh_update_analysis	TRUE	materialized view refresh using update analysis
_mv_refresh_use_hash_sj	TRUE	use hash_sj hint in queries
_mv_refresh_use_no_merge	TRUE	use no_merge hint in queries
_mv_refresh_use_stats	FALSE	pass cardinality hints to refresh queries
_mv_refsched_timeincr	300000	proportionality constant for dop vs. time in MV refresh
_mv_rolling_inv	FALSE	create/alter mv uses rolling cursor invalidation instead of immediate
_mwin_schedule	TRUE	Enable/disable Maintenance Window Schedules
_nchar_imp_cnv	TRUE	NLS allow Implicit Conversion between CHAR and NCHAR
_nchar_imp_conv	TRUE	should implicit conversion bewteen clob and nclob be allowed
_ncmb_readahead_enabled	0	enable multi-block readahead for an index scan
_ncmb_readahead_tracing	0	turn on multi-block readahead tracing
_ncomp_shared_objects_dir	/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/dbhome_1/dbs/peshm_PERFOLTP_1	native compilation shared objects dir
_nested_loop_fudge	100	nested loop fudge
_nested_mv_fast_oncommit_enabled	TRUE	nested MV refresh fast on commit allowed
_new_initial_join_orders	TRUE	enable initial join orders based on new ordering heuristics
_new_sort_cost_estimate	TRUE	enables the use of new cost estimate for sort
_newsort_enabled	TRUE	controls whether new sorts can be used as system sort
_newsort_ordered_pct	63	controls when new sort avoids sorting ordered input
_newsort_type	0	specifies options for the new sort algorithm
_nineteenth_spare_parameter		nineteenth spare parameter - string list
_ninth_spare_parameter		ninth spare parameter - integer
_nlj_batching_ae_flag	2	FAE flag type set after restoring to IO batching buffer
_nlj_batching_enabled	1	enable batching of the RHS IO in NLJ
_nlj_batching_misses_enabled	1	enable exceptions for buffer cache misses
_nls_parameter_sync_enabled	TRUE	enables or disables updates to v$parameter whenever an alter session statement modifies various nls parameters
_no_objects	FALSE	no object features are used
_no_or_expansion	FALSE	OR expansion during optimization disabled
_no_recovery_through_resetlogs	FALSE	no recovery through this resetlogs operation
_noseg_for_unusable_index_enabled	TRUE	no segments for unusable indexes if set to TRUE
_notify_crs	TRUE	notify cluster ready services of startup and shutdown
_ns_max_flush_wt	1	Flush wait time for NetServer to flush oustanding writes
_ns_max_send_delay	15	Data Loss Time Bound for NetServer
_num_longop_child_latches	16	number of child latches for long op array
_numa_buffer_cache_stats	0	Configure NUMA buffer cache stats
_numa_trace_level	0	numa trace event
_number_cached_attributes	10	maximum number of cached attributes per instance
_number_cached_group_memberships	32	maximum number of cached group memberships
_obj_ckpt_tracing	0	Enable object checkpoint tracing
_object_number_cache_size	5	Object number cache size
_object_reuse_bast	2	if 1 or higher, handle object reuse
_object_statistics	TRUE	enable the object level statistics collection
_object_stats_max_entries	3072	Maximum number of entries to be tracked per stat
_offline_rollback_segments		offline undo segment list
_ogms_home		GMS home directory
_olap_adv_comp_stats_cc_precomp	20	do additional predicate stats analysis for AW rowsource
_olap_adv_comp_stats_max_rows	100000	do additional predicate stats analysis for AW rowsource
_olap_aggregate_buffer_size	1048576	OLAP Aggregate max buffer size
_olap_aggregate_flags	0	OLAP Aggregate debug flags
_olap_aggregate_function_cache_enabled	TRUE	OLAP Aggregate function cache enabler
_olap_aggregate_max_thread_tuples	5000	OLAP Aggregate max thread tuples creation
_olap_aggregate_min_buffer_size	1024	OLAP Aggregate min buffer size
_olap_aggregate_min_thread_status	64	OLAP Aggregate minimum cardinality of dimensions for thread
_olap_aggregate_multipath_hier	FALSE	OLAP Aggregate Multi-path Hierarhies enabled
_olap_aggregate_statlen_thresh	1024	OLAP Aggregate status array usage threshold
_olap_aggregate_work_per_thread	1024	OLAP Aggregate max work parents
_olap_aggregate_worklist_max	5000	OLAP Aggregate max worklists generated at once
_olap_allocate_errorlog_format	%8p %8y %8z %e (%n)	OLAP Allocate Errorlog Format
_olap_allocate_errorlog_header	Dim      Source   Basis %-8d %-8s %-8b Description -------- -------- -------- -----------	OLAP Allocate Errorlog Header format
_olap_analyze_max	10000	OLAP DML ANALYZE command max cells to analyze
_olap_continuous_trace_file	FALSE	OLAP logging definition
_olap_dbgoutfile_echo_to_eventlog	FALSE	OLAP DbgOutfile copy output to event log (tracefile)
_olap_dimension_corehash_force	FALSE	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Force
_olap_dimension_corehash_large	50000	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Large Threshold
_olap_dimension_corehash_pressure	90	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Pressure Threshold
_olap_dimension_corehash_size	30	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Maximum Memory Use
_olap_eif_export_lob_size	2147483647	OLAP EIF Export BLOB size
_olap_lmgen_dim_size	100	Limitmap generator dimension column size
_olap_lmgen_meas_size	1000	Limitmap generator measure column size
_olap_object_hash_class	3	OLAP Object Hash Table Class
_olap_page_pool_expand_rate	20	OLAP Page Pool Expand Rate
_olap_page_pool_hi	50	OLAP Page Pool High Watermark
_olap_page_pool_hit_target	100	OLAP Page Pool Hit Target
_olap_page_pool_low	262144	OLAP Page Pool Low Watermark
_olap_page_pool_pressure	90	OLAP Page Pool Pressure Threshold
_olap_page_pool_shrink_rate	50	OLAP Page Pool Shrink Rate
_olap_parallel_update_server_num	0	OLAP parallel update server count
_olap_parallel_update_small_threshold	1000	OLAP parallel update threshold for number of small pagespaces
_olap_parallel_update_threshold	1000	OLAP parallel update threshold in pages
_olap_sesscache_enabled	TRUE	OLAP Session Cache knob
_olap_sort_buffer_pct	10	OLAP Sort Buffer Size Percentage
_olap_sort_buffer_size	262144	OLAP Sort Buffer Size
_olap_statbool_corebits	20000000	OLAP Status Boolean max incore bits
_olap_statbool_threshold	8100	OLAP Status Boolean CBM threshold
_olap_table_function_statistics	FALSE	Specify TRUE to output OLAP table function timed statistics trace
_olap_wrap_errors	FALSE	Wrap error messages to OLAP outfile
_olapi_history_retention	FALSE	enable olapi history retention
_olapi_iface_object_history	1000	enable olapi interface object history collection
_olapi_iface_object_history_retention	FALSE	enable olapi interface object history retention
_olapi_iface_operation_history_retention	FALSE	enable olapi interface operation history retention
_olapi_interface_operation_history	1000	enable olapi interface operation history collection
_olapi_memory_operation_history	1000	enable olapi memory alloc/free history collection
_olapi_memory_operation_history_pause_at_seqno	0	enable olapi memory alloc/free history collection pausing
_olapi_memory_operation_history_retention	FALSE	enable olapi memory operation history retention
_olapi_session_history	300	enable olapi session history collection
_olapi_session_history_retention	FALSE	enable olapi session history retention
_old_connect_by_enabled	FALSE	enable/disable old connect by
_ols_cleanup_task	TRUE	Clean up unnecessary entries in OLS sessinfo table
_oltp_compression	TRUE	oltp compression enabled
_oltp_compression_gain	10	oltp compression gain
_omf	enabled	enable/disable OMF
_oneside_colstat_for_equijoins	TRUE	sanity check on default selectivity for like/range predicate
_online_patch_disable_stack_check	FALSE	disable check for function on stack for online patches
_ops_per_semop		the exact number of operations per semop system call
_optim_adjust_for_part_skews	TRUE	adjust stats for skews across partitions
_optim_dict_stats_at_db_cr_upg	TRUE	enable/disable dictionary stats gathering at db create/upgrade
_optim_enhance_nnull_detection	TRUE	TRUE to enable index [fast] full scan more often
_optim_new_default_join_sel	TRUE	improves the way default equijoin selectivity are computed
_optim_peek_user_binds	TRUE	enable peeking of user binds
_optimizer_adaptive_cursor_sharing	TRUE	optimizer adaptive cursor sharing
_optimizer_adjust_for_nulls	TRUE	adjust selectivity for null values
_optimizer_autostats_job	TRUE	enable/disable auto stats collection job
_optimizer_aw_join_push_enabled	TRUE	Enables AW Join Push optimization
_optimizer_aw_stats_enabled	TRUE	Enables statistcs on AW olap_table table function
_optimizer_better_inlist_costing	ALL	enable improved costing of index access using in-list(s)
_optimizer_block_size	8192	standard block size used by optimizer
_optimizer_cache_stats	FALSE	cost with cache statistics
_optimizer_cartesian_enabled	TRUE	optimizer cartesian join enabled
_optimizer_cbqt_factor	50	cost factor for cost-based query transformation
_optimizer_cbqt_no_size_restriction	TRUE	disable cost based transformation query size restriction
_optimizer_ceil_cost	TRUE	CEIL cost in CBO
_optimizer_coalesce_subqueries	TRUE	consider coalescing of subqueries optimization
_optimizer_complex_pred_selectivity	TRUE	enable selectivity estimation for builtin functions
_optimizer_compute_index_stats	TRUE	force index stats collection on index creation/rebuild
_optimizer_connect_by_cb_whr_only	FALSE	use cost-based transformation for whr clause in connect by
_optimizer_connect_by_combine_sw	TRUE	combine no filtering connect by and start with
_optimizer_connect_by_cost_based	TRUE	use cost-based transformation for connect by
_optimizer_connect_by_elim_dups	TRUE	allow connect by to eliminate duplicates from input
_optimizer_correct_sq_selectivity	TRUE	force correct computation of subquery selectivity
_optimizer_cost_based_transformation	LINEAR	enables cost-based query transformation
_optimizer_cost_filter_pred	FALSE	enables  costing of filter predicates in IO cost model
_optimizer_cost_hjsmj_multimatch	TRUE	add cost of generating result set when #rows per key > 1
_optimizer_cost_model	CHOOSE	optimizer cost model
_optimizer_degree	0	force the optimizer to use the same degree of parallelism
_optimizer_dim_subq_join_sel	TRUE	use join selectivity in choosing star transformation dimensions
_optimizer_disable_strans_sanity_checks	0	disable star transformation sanity checks
_optimizer_distinct_agg_transform	TRUE	Transforms Distinct Aggregates to non-distinct aggregates
_optimizer_distinct_elimination	TRUE	Eliminates redundant SELECT DISTNCT's
_optimizer_distinct_placement	TRUE	consider distinct placement optimization
_optimizer_dyn_smp_blks	32	number of blocks for optimizer dynamic sampling
_optimizer_eliminate_filtering_join	TRUE	optimizer filtering join elimination enabled
_optimizer_enable_density_improvements	TRUE	use improved density computation for selectivity estimation
_optimizer_enable_extended_stats	TRUE	use extended statistics for selectivity estimation
_optimizer_enable_table_lookup_by_nl	TRUE	consider table lookup by nl transformation
_optimizer_enhanced_filter_push	TRUE	push filters before trying cost-based query transformation
_optimizer_extend_jppd_view_types	TRUE	join pred pushdown on group-by, distinct, semi-/anti-joined view
_optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing	UDO	optimizer extended cursor sharing
_optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing_rel	SIMPLE	optimizer extended cursor sharing for relational operators
_optimizer_extended_stats_usage_control	192	controls the optimizer usage of extended stats
_optimizer_false_filter_pred_pullup	TRUE	optimizer false predicate pull up transformation
_optimizer_fast_access_pred_analysis	TRUE	use fast algorithm to traverse predicates for physical optimizer
_optimizer_fast_pred_transitivity	TRUE	use fast algorithm to generate transitive predicates
_optimizer_feedback_control		controls the optimizer feedback framework
_optimizer_filter_pred_pullup	TRUE	use cost-based flter predicate pull up transformation
_optimizer_filter_pushdown	TRUE	enable/disable filter predicate pushdown
_optimizer_fkr_index_cost_bias	10	Optimizer index bias over FTS/IFFS under first K rows mode
_optimizer_force_CBQT		force CBQT transformation regardless of cost
_optimizer_free_transformation_heap	TRUE	free transformation subheap after each transformation
_optimizer_full_outer_join_to_outer	TRUE	enable/disable full outer to left outer join conversion
_optimizer_group_by_placement	TRUE	consider group-by placement optimization
_optimizer_ignore_hints	FALSE	enables the embedded hints to be ignored
_optimizer_improve_selectivity	TRUE	improve table and partial overlap join selectivity computation
_optimizer_instance_count	0	force the optimizer to use the specified number of instances
_optimizer_interleave_jppd	TRUE	interleave join predicate pushdown during CBQT
_optimizer_invalidation_period	18000	time window for invalidation of cursors of analyzed objects
_optimizer_join_elimination_enabled	TRUE	optimizer join elimination enabled
_optimizer_join_factorization	TRUE	use join factorization transformation
_optimizer_join_order_control	3	controls the optimizer join order search algorithm
_optimizer_join_sel_sanity_check	TRUE	enable/disable sanity check for multi-column join selectivity
_optimizer_max_permutations	2000	optimizer maximum join permutations per query block
_optimizer_min_cache_blocks	10	set minimum cached blocks
_optimizer_mjc_enabled	TRUE	enable merge join cartesian
_optimizer_mode_force	TRUE	force setting of optimizer mode for user recursive SQL also
_optimizer_multi_level_push_pred	TRUE	consider join-predicate pushdown that requires multi-level pushdown to base table
_optimizer_multiple_cenv		generate and run plans using several compilation environments
_optimizer_multiple_cenv_report	result	control what to report in trace file when run in multi-plan mode
_optimizer_multiple_cenv_stmt	query	control the types of statements that are run in multi-plan mode
_optimizer_native_full_outer_join	FORCE	execute full outer join using native implementaion
_optimizer_nested_rollup_for_gset	100	number of groups above which we use nested rollup exec for gset
_optimizer_new_join_card_computation	TRUE	compute join cardinality using non-rounded input values
_optimizer_null_aware_antijoin	TRUE	null-aware antijoin parameter
_optimizer_or_expansion	DEPTH	control or expansion approach used
_optimizer_or_expansion_subheap	TRUE	Use subheap for optimizer or-expansion
_optimizer_order_by_elimination_enabled	TRUE	Eliminates order bys from views before query transformation
_optimizer_outer_join_to_inner	TRUE	enable/disable outer to inner join conversion
_optimizer_outer_to_anti_enabled	TRUE	Enable transformation of outer-join to anti-join if possible
_optimizer_percent_parallel	101	optimizer percent parallel
_optimizer_purge_stats_iteration_row_count	10000	number of rows to be deleted at each iteration of the stats                   purging process
_optimizer_push_down_distinct	0	push down distinct from query block to table
_optimizer_push_pred_cost_based	TRUE	use cost-based query transformation for push pred optimization
_optimizer_random_plan	0	optimizer seed value for random plans
_optimizer_reuse_cost_annotations	TRUE	reuse cost annotations during cost-based query transformation
_optimizer_rownum_bind_default	10	Default value to use for rownum bind
_optimizer_rownum_pred_based_fkr	TRUE	enable the use of first K rows due to rownum predicate
_optimizer_save_stats	TRUE	enable/disable saving old versions of optimizer stats
_optimizer_search_limit	5	optimizer search limit
_optimizer_self_induced_cache_cost	FALSE	account for self-induced caching
_optimizer_skip_scan_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable index skip scan
_optimizer_skip_scan_guess	FALSE	consider index skip scan for predicates with guessed selectivity
_optimizer_sortmerge_join_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable sort-merge join method
_optimizer_sortmerge_join_inequality	TRUE	enable/disable sort-merge join using inequality predicates
_optimizer_squ_bottomup	TRUE	enables unnesting of subquery in a bottom-up manner
_optimizer_star_tran_in_with_clause	TRUE	enable/disable star transformation in with clause queries
_optimizer_star_trans_min_cost	0	optimizer star transformation minimum cost
_optimizer_star_trans_min_ratio	0	optimizer star transformation minimum ratio
_optimizer_starplan_enabled	TRUE	optimizer star plan enabled
_optimizer_system_stats_usage	TRUE	system statistics usage
_optimizer_table_expansion	TRUE	consider table expansion transformation
_optimizer_trace	none	optimizer trace parameter
_optimizer_transitivity_retain	TRUE	retain equi-join pred upon transitive equality pred generation
_optimizer_try_st_before_jppd	TRUE	try Star Transformation before Join Predicate Push Down
_optimizer_undo_changes	FALSE	undo changes to query optimizer
_optimizer_undo_cost_change	11.2.0.3	optimizer undo cost change
_optimizer_unnest_all_subqueries	TRUE	enables unnesting of every type of subquery
_optimizer_unnest_corr_set_subq	TRUE	Unnesting of correlated set subqueries (TRUE/FALSE)
_optimizer_unnest_disjunctive_subq	TRUE	Unnesting of disjunctive subqueries (TRUE/FALSE)
_optimizer_use_cbqt_star_transformation	TRUE	use rewritten star transformation using cbqt framework
_optimizer_use_feedback	TRUE	optimizer use feedback
_optimizer_use_subheap	TRUE	Enables physical optimizer subheap
_or_expand_nvl_predicate	TRUE	enable OR expanded plan for NVL/DECODE predicate
_oradbg_pathname		path of oradbg script
_oradebug_cmds_at_startup		oradebug commands to execute at instance startup
_oradebug_force	FALSE	force target processes to execute oradebug commands?
_ordered_nested_loop	TRUE	enable ordered nested loop costing
_ordered_semijoin	TRUE	enable ordered semi-join subquery
_orph_cln_interval	1200	qmon periodic interval for removed subscriber messages cleanup
_os_sched_high_priority	1	OS high priority level
_oss_skgxp_udp_dynamic_credit_mgmt	1	OSSLIB enable[!0]/disable[0] dynamic credit mgmt for SKGXP-UDP
_other_wait_event_exclusion		exclude event names from _other_wait_threshold calculations
_other_wait_threshold	0	threshold wait percentage for event wait class Other
_outline_bitmap_tree	TRUE	BITMAP_TREE hint enabled in outline
_parallel_adaptive_max_users	4	maximum number of users running with default DOP
_parallel_blackbox_enabled	TRUE	parallel execution blackbox enabled
_parallel_blackbox_size	16384	parallel execution blackbox bucket size
_parallel_broadcast_enabled	TRUE	enable broadcasting of small inputs to hash and sort merge joins
_parallel_cluster_cache_pct	80	max percentage of the global buffer cache to use for affinity
_parallel_cluster_cache_policy	ADAPTIVE	policy used for parallel execution on cluster(ADAPTIVE/CACHED)
_parallel_conservative_queuing	FALSE	conservative parallel statement queuing
_parallel_default_max_instances	2	default maximum number of instances for parallel query
_parallel_execution_message_align	FALSE	Alignment of PX buffers to OS page boundary
_parallel_fake_class_pct	0	fake db-scheduler percent used for testing
_parallel_fixwrite_bucket	1000	Number of buckets for each round of fix write
_parallel_heartbeat_snapshot_interval	2	interval of snapshot to track px msging between instances
_parallel_heartbeat_snapshot_max	128	maximum number of historical snapshots archived
_parallel_load_bal_unit	0	number of threads to allocate per instance
_parallel_load_balancing	TRUE	parallel execution load balanced slave allocation
_parallel_load_publish_threshold	10	diffrence in percentage controlling px load propagation
_parallel_min_message_pool	0	minimum size of shared pool memory to reserve for pq servers
_parallel_optimization_phase_for_local	FALSE	parallel optimization phase when all slaves are local
_parallel_queuing_max_waitingtime		parallel statement queuing: max waiting time in queue
_parallel_recovery_stopat	32767	stop at -position- to step through SMON
_parallel_replay_msg_limit	4000	Number of messages for each round of parallel replay
_parallel_scalability	50	Parallel scalability criterion for parallel execution
_parallel_server_idle_time	30000	idle time before parallel query server dies (in 1/100 sec)
_parallel_server_sleep_time	10	sleep time between dequeue timeouts (in 1/100ths)
_parallel_slave_acquisition_wait	1	time(in seconds) to wait before retrying slave acquisition
_parallel_statement_queuing	FALSE	parallel statement queuing enabled
_parallel_syspls_obey_force	TRUE	TRUE to obey force parallel query/dml/ddl under System PL/SQL
_parallel_time_unit	10	unit of work used to derive the degree of parallelism (in seconds)
_parallel_txn_global	FALSE	enable parallel_txn hint with updates and deletes
_parallelism_cost_fudge_factor	350	set the parallelism cost fudge factor
_parameter_table_block_size	2048	parameter table block size
_partial_pwise_join_enabled	TRUE	enable partial partition-wise join when TRUE
_partition_large_extents	TRUE	Enables large extent allocation for partitioned tables
_partition_view_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable partitioned views
_passwordfile_enqueue_timeout	900	password file enqueue timeout in seconds
_pct_refresh_double_count_prevented	TRUE	materialized view PCT refreshes avoid double counting
_pdml_gim_sampling	5000	control separation of global index maintenance for PDML
_pdml_gim_staggered	FALSE	slaves start on different index when doing index maint
_pdml_slaves_diff_part	TRUE	slaves start on different partition when doing index maint
_percent_flashback_buf_partial_full	50	Percent of flashback buffer filled to be considered partial full
_pga_large_extent_size	1048576	PGA large extent size
_pga_max_size	1503232000	Maximum size of the PGA memory for one process
_pgactx_cap_stacks	FALSE	capture stacks for setting pgactx
_pivot_implementation_method	CHOOSE	pivot implementation method
_pkt_enable	FALSE	enable progressive kill test
_pkt_pmon_interval	50	PMON process clean-up interval (cs)
_pkt_start	FALSE	start progressive kill test instrumention
_plan_outline_data	TRUE	explain plan outline data enabled
_plan_verify_improvement_margin	150	Performance improvement criterion for evolving plan baselines
_plan_verify_local_time_limit	0	Local time limit to use for an individual plan verification
_plsql_anon_block_code_type	INTERPRETED	PL/SQL anonymous block code-type
_plsql_cache_enable	TRUE	PL/SQL Function Cache Enabled
_plsql_dump_buffer_events		conditions upon which the PL/SQL circular buffer is dumped
_plsql_max_stack_size	0	PL/SQL maximum stack size
_plsql_minimum_cache_hit_percent	20	plsql minimum cache hit percentage required to keep caching active
_plsql_native_frame_threshold	4294967294	Allocate PL/SQL native frames on the heap if size exceeds this value
_plsql_nvl_optimize	FALSE	PL/SQL NVL optimize
_pmon_dead_blkrs_alive_chk_rate_secs	3	rate to check blockers are alive during cleanup (in seconds)
_pmon_dead_blkrs_max_blkrs	200	max blockers to check during cleanup
_pmon_dead_blkrs_max_cleanup_attempts	5	max attempts per blocker while checking dead blockers
_pmon_dead_blkrs_scan_rate_secs	3	rate to scan for dead blockers during cleanup (in seconds)
_pmon_enable_dead_blkrs	TRUE	look for dead blockers during PMON cleanup
_pmon_load_constants	300,192,64,3,10,10,0,0	server load balancing constants (S,P,D,I,L,C,M)
_pmon_max_consec_posts	5	PMON max consecutive posts in main loop
_post_wait_queues_dynamic_queues	40	Post Wait Queues - Num Dynamic Queues
_post_wait_queues_num_per_class		Post Wait Queues - Num Per Class
_pqq_debug_txn_act	FALSE	pq queuing transaction active
_pqq_enabled	TRUE	Enable Resource Manager based Parallel Statement Queuing
_pre_rewrite_push_pred	TRUE	push predicates into views before rewrite
_precompute_gid_values	TRUE	precompute gid values and copy them before returning a row
_pred_move_around	TRUE	enables predicate move-around
_predicate_elimination_enabled	TRUE	allow predicate elimination if set to TRUE
_prescomm	FALSE	presume commit of IMU transactions
_print_refresh_schedule	FALSE	enable dbms_output of materialized view refresh schedule
_private_memory_address		Start address of large extent memory segment
_project_view_columns	TRUE	enable projecting out unreferenced columns of a view
_projection_pushdown	TRUE	projection pushdown
_projection_pushdown_debug	0	level for projection pushdown debugging
_prop_old_enabled	FALSE	Shift to pre 11g propagation behaviour
_protect_frame_heaps	FALSE	Protect cursor frame heaps
_ptn_cache_threshold	0	flags and threshold to control partition metadata caching
_push_join_predicate	TRUE	enable pushing join predicate inside a view
_push_join_union_view	TRUE	enable pushing join predicate inside a union all view
_push_join_union_view2	TRUE	enable pushing join predicate inside a union view
_px_adaptive_offload_pecentage	0	percentage for PQ adaptive offloading of granules
_px_adaptive_offload_threshold	10	threshold (GB/s) for PQ adaptive offloading of granules
_px_async_getgranule	FALSE	asynchronous get granule in the slave
_px_bind_peek_sharing	TRUE	enables sharing of px cursors that were built using bind peeking
_px_broadcast_fudge_factor	100	set the tq broadcasting fudge factor percentage
_px_buffer_ttl	30	ttl for px mesg buffers in seconds
_px_chunklist_count_ratio	8	ratio of the number of chunk lists to the default DOP per instance
_px_compilation_debug	0	debug level for parallel compilation
_px_compilation_trace	0	tracing level for parallel compilation
_px_dump_12805_source	TRUE	enables or disables tracing of 12805 signal source
_px_dynamic_opt	TRUE	turn off/on restartable qerpx dynamic optimization
_px_dynamic_sample_size	50	num of samples for restartable qerpx dynamic optimization
_px_execution_services_enabled	TRUE	enable service-based constraint of px slave allocation
_px_freelist_latch_divisor	2	Divide the computed number of freelists by this power of 2
_px_gim_factor	100	weighted autodop global index maintenance factor
_px_granule_batch_size	10	default size of a batch of granules
_px_granule_randomize	TRUE	enables or disables randomization of parallel scans rowid granules
_px_granule_size	1000000	default size of a rowid range granule (in KB)
_px_hold_time	0	hold px at execution time (unit: second)
_px_index_sampling	200	parallel query sampling for index create (100000 = 100%)
_px_index_sampling_objsize	TRUE	parallel query sampling for index create based on object size
_px_io_process_bandwidth	200	IO process bandwidth in MB/sec for computing DOP
_px_io_system_bandwidth	0	total IO system bandwidth in MB/sec for computing DOP
_px_kxib_tracing	0	turn on kxib tracing
_px_load_factor	300	weighted autodop load factor
_px_load_publish_interval	200	interval at which LMON will check whether to publish PX load
_px_loc_msg_cost	1000	CPU cost to send a PX message via shared memory
_px_max_granules_per_slave	100	maximum number of rowid range granules to generate per slave
_px_max_map_val	32	Maximum value of rehash mapping for PX
_px_max_message_pool_pct	40	percentage of shared pool for px msg buffers range [5,60]
_px_min_granules_per_slave	13	minimum number of rowid range granules to generate per slave
_px_minus_intersect	TRUE	enables pq for minus/interect operators
_px_net_msg_cost	10000	CPU cost to send a PX message over the internconnect
_px_no_granule_sort	FALSE	prevent parallel partition granules to be sorted on size
_px_no_stealing	FALSE	prevent parallel granule stealing in shared nothing environment
_px_nss_planb	TRUE	enables or disables NSS Plan B reparse with outline
_px_numa_stealing_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable PQ granule stealing across NUMA nodes
_px_numa_support_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable PQ NUMA support
_px_partition_scan_enabled	TRUE	enables or disables parallel partition-based scan
_px_partition_scan_threshold	64	least number of partitions per slave to start partition-based scan
_px_proc_constrain	TRUE	reduce parallel_max_servers if greater than (processes - fudge)
_px_pwg_enabled	TRUE	parallel partition wise group by enabled
_px_round_robin_rowcnt	1000	round robin row count to enq to next slave
_px_rownum_pd	TRUE	turn off/on parallel rownum pushdown optimization
_px_send_timeout	300	IPC message  send timeout value in seconds
_px_slaves_share_cursors	0	slaves share cursors with QC
_px_trace	none	px trace parameter
_px_ual_serial_input	TRUE	enables new pq for UNION operators
_px_xtgranule_size	10000	default size of a external table granule (in KB)
_qa_control	0	Oracle internal parameter to control QA
_qa_lrg_type	0	Oracle internal parameter to specify QA lrg type
_query_cost_rewrite	TRUE	perform the cost based rewrite with materialized views
_query_execution_cache_max_size	131072	max size of query execution cache
_query_mmvrewrite_maxcmaps	20	query mmv rewrite maximum number of cmaps per dmap in query disjunct
_query_mmvrewrite_maxdmaps	10	query mmv rewrite maximum number of dmaps per query disjunct
_query_mmvrewrite_maxinlists	5	query mmv rewrite maximum number of in-lists per disjunct
_query_mmvrewrite_maxintervals	5	query mmv rewrite maximum number of intervals per disjunct
_query_mmvrewrite_maxpreds	10	query mmv rewrite maximum number of predicates per disjunct
_query_mmvrewrite_maxqryinlistvals	500	query mmv rewrite maximum number of query in-list values
_query_mmvrewrite_maxregperm	512	query mmv rewrite maximum number of region permutations
_query_on_physical	TRUE	query on physical
_query_rewrite_1	TRUE	perform query rewrite before&after or only before view merging
_query_rewrite_2	TRUE	perform query rewrite before&after or only after view merging
_query_rewrite_drj	TRUE	mv rewrite and drop redundant joins
_query_rewrite_expression	TRUE	rewrite with cannonical form for expressions
_query_rewrite_fpc	TRUE	mv rewrite fresh partition containment
_query_rewrite_fudge	90	cost based query rewrite with MVs fudge factor
_query_rewrite_jgmigrate	TRUE	mv rewrite with jg migration
_query_rewrite_maxdisjunct	257	query rewrite max disjuncts
_query_rewrite_or_error	FALSE	allow query rewrite, if referenced tables are not dataless
_query_rewrite_setopgrw_enable	TRUE	perform general rewrite using set operator summaries
_query_rewrite_vop_cleanup	TRUE	prune frocol chain before rewrite after view-merging
_queue_buffer_max_dump_len	65536	max number of bytes to dump to trace file for queue buffer dump
_rbr_ckpt_tracing	0	Enable reuse block range checkpoint tracing
_rcfg_disable_verify	TRUE	if TRUE disables verify at reconfiguration
_rcfg_parallel_fixwrite	TRUE	if TRUE enables parallel fixwrite at reconfiguration
_rcfg_parallel_replay	TRUE	if TRUE enables parallel replay and cleanup at reconfiguration
_rcfg_parallel_verify	TRUE	if TRUE enables parallel verify at reconfiguration
_rdbms_compatibility	10.1	default RDBMS compatibility level
_rdbms_internal_fplib_enabled	FALSE	enable CELL FPLIB filtering within rdbms
_rdbms_internal_fplib_raise_errors	FALSE	enable reraising of any exceptions in CELL FPLIB
_read_only_violation_dump_to_trace	FALSE	read-only violation dump to trace files
_read_only_violation_max_count	500	read-only violation array max count
_read_only_violation_max_count_per_module	100	read-only violation array per module max count
_readable_standby_sync_timeout	10	readable standby query scn sync timeout
_real_time_apply_sim	0	Simulation value with real time apply
_realfree_heap_max_size	32768	minimum max total heap size, in Kbytes
_realfree_heap_mode	0	mode flags for real-free heap
_realfree_heap_pagesize_hint	65536	hint for real-free page size in bytes
_recoverable_recovery_batch_percent	50	Recoverable recovery batch size (percentage of buffer cache)
_recovery_asserts	FALSE	if TRUE, enable expensive integrity checks
_recovery_percentage	50	recovery buffer cache percentage
_recovery_read_limit	1024	number of recovery reads which can be outstanding
_recovery_skip_cfseq_check	FALSE	allow media recovery even if controlfile seq check fails
_recovery_verify_writes	FALSE	enable thread recovery write verify
_recursive_imu_transactions	FALSE	recursive transactions may be IMU
_recursive_with_max_recursion_level	0	check for maximum level of recursion instead of checking for cycles
_redo_compatibility_check	FALSE	general and redo/undo compatibility sanity check
_redo_read_from_memory	TRUE	Enable reading redo from in-memory log buffer
_redo_transport_compress_all	TRUE	Is ASYNC LNS compression allowed?
_redo_transport_sanity_check	0	redo transport sanity check bit mask
_redo_transport_stall_time	360	I/O stall time before terminating redo transport process
_redo_transport_stall_time_long	3600	long I/O stall time before terminating redo transport process
_redo_transport_stream_test	TRUE	test stream connection?
_redo_transport_stream_writes	TRUE	Stream network writes?
_redo_transport_vio_size_req	4294967294	VIO size requirement
_reduce_sby_log_scan	TRUE	enable standby log scan optimization
_release_insert_threshold	5	maximum number of unusable blocks to unlink from freelist
_reliable_block_sends	TRUE	if TRUE, no side channel on reliable interconnect
_relocation_commit_batch_size	8	ASM relocation commit batch size
_remove_aggr_subquery	TRUE	enables removal of subsumed aggregated subquery
_rep_base_path		base path for EM reports in database
_replace_virtual_columns	TRUE	replace expressions with virtual columns
_reset_maxcap_history	10	reset maxcap history time
_resource_manager_always_off	FALSE	disable the resource manager always
_resource_manager_always_on	TRUE	enable the resource manager always
_resource_manager_plan		resource mgr top plan for internal use
_restore_maxopenfiles	8	restore assumption for maxopenfiles
_restore_spfile		restore spfile to this location
_result_cache_auto_dml_monitoring_duration	15	result cache auto dml monitoring duration
_result_cache_auto_dml_monitoring_slots	4	result cache auto dml monitoring slot
_result_cache_auto_dml_threshold	16	result cache auto dml threshold
_result_cache_auto_dml_trend_threshold	20	result cache auto dml trend threshold
_result_cache_auto_execution_threshold	1	result cache auto execution threshold
_result_cache_auto_size_threshold	100	result cache auto max size allowed
_result_cache_auto_time_distance	300	result cache auto time distance
_result_cache_auto_time_threshold	1000	result cache auto time threshold
_result_cache_block_size	1024	result cache block size
_result_cache_copy_block_count	1	blocks to copy instead of pinning the result
_result_cache_global	TRUE	Are results available globally across RAC?
_result_cache_timeout	10	maximum time (sec) a session waits for a result
_reuse_index_loop	5	number of blocks being examine for index block reuse
_right_outer_hash_enable	TRUE	Right Outer/Semi/Anti Hash Enabled
_rm_cluster_interconnects		interconnects for RAC use (RM)
_rm_numa_sched_enable	FALSE	Is Resource Manager (RM) related NUMA scheduled policy enabled
_rm_numa_simulation_cpus	0	number of cpus for each pg for numa simulation in resource manager
_rm_numa_simulation_pgs	0	number of PGs for numa simulation in resource manager
_rman_io_priority	3	priority at which rman backup i/o's are done
_rman_restore_through_link	FALSE	RMAN restore through link
_rollback_segment_count	0	number of undo segments
_rollback_segment_initial	1	starting undo segment number
_rollback_stopat	0	stop at -position to step rollback
_row_cache_cursors	20	number of cached cursors for row cache management
_row_cr	TRUE	enable row cr for all sql
_row_locking	always	row-locking
_row_shipping_explain	FALSE	enable row shipping explain plan support
_row_shipping_threshold	80	row shipping column selection threshold
_rowsource_execution_statistics	FALSE	if TRUE, Oracle will collect rowsource statistics
_rowsource_profiling_statistics	TRUE	if TRUE, Oracle will capture active row sources in v$active_session_history
_rowsource_statistics_sampfreq	128	frequency of rowsource statistic sampling (must be a power of 2)
_rowsrc_trace_level	0	Row source tree tracing level
_rta_sync_wait_timeout	10	RTA sync wait timeout
_rtc_infeasible_threshold	25	Redo Transport Compression infeasible threshold
_sample_rows_per_block	4	number of rows per block used for sampling IO optimization
_scatter_gcs_resources	FALSE	if TRUE, gcs resources are scattered uniformly across sub pools
_scatter_gcs_shadows	FALSE	if TRUE, gcs shadows are scattered uniformly across sub pools
_sched_delay_max_samples	4	scheduling delay maximum number of samples
_sched_delay_measurement_sleep_us	1000	scheduling delay mesurement sleep us
_sched_delay_os_tick_granularity_us	16000	os tick granularity used by scheduling delay calculations
_sched_delay_sample_collection_thresh_ms	200	scheduling delay sample collection duration threshold ms
_sched_delay_sample_interval_ms	1000	scheduling delay sampling interval in ms
_scn_wait_interface_max_backoff_time_secs	600	max exponential backoff time for scn wait interface in kta
_scn_wait_interface_max_timeout_secs	2147483647	max timeout for scn wait interface in kta
_sdiag_crash	NONE	sql diag crash
_sec_enable_test_rpcs	FALSE	Whether to enable the test RPCs
_second_spare_parameter		second spare parameter - integer
_securefile_timers	FALSE	collect kdlu timers and accumulate per layers
_securefiles_bulkinsert	FALSE	securefiles segment insert only optization
_securefiles_concurrency_estimate	12	securefiles concurrency estimate
_securefiles_fg_retry	100	segment retry before foreground waits
_securefiles_forceflush	FALSE	securefiles force flush before allocation
_securefiles_memory_percentofSGA	20	securefiles memory as percent of SGA
_select_any_dictionary_security_enabled	FALSE	Exclude user$ from SELECT ANY DICTIONARY system privilege
_selectivity_for_srf_enabled	FALSE	enable/disable selectivity for storage reduction factor
_selfjoin_mv_duplicates	TRUE	control rewrite self-join algorithm
_selftune_checkpoint_write_pct	3	Percentage of total physical i/os for self-tune ckpt
_selftune_checkpointing_lag	300	Self-tune checkpointing lag the tail of the redo log
_sem_per_semid		the exact number of semaphores per semaphore set to allocate
_send_ast_to_foreground	AUTO	if TRUE, send ast message to foreground
_send_close_with_block	TRUE	if TRUE, send close with block even with direct sends
_send_requests_to_pi	TRUE	if TRUE, try to send CR requests to PI buffers
_serial_direct_read	auto	enable direct read in serial
_serial_recovery	FALSE	force serial recovery or parallel recovery
_serializable	FALSE	serializable
_serialize_lgwr_sync_io	FALSE	Serialize LGWR SYNC local and remote io
_service_cleanup_timeout	30	timeout to peform service cleanup
_session_allocation_latches	16	one latch per group of sessions
_session_cached_instantiations	60	Number of pl/sql instantiations to cache in a session.
_session_context_size	10000	session app context size
_session_idle_bit_latches	0	one latch per session or a latch per group of sessions
_session_page_extent	2048	Session Page Extent Size
_session_wait_history	10	enable session wait history collection
_set_mgd_recovery_state	0	set mgd recovery state to new value
_seventeenth_spare_parameter		seventeenth spare parameter - string list
_seventh_spare_parameter		seventh spare parameter - integer
_sga_clear_dump	FALSE	Allow dumping encrypted blocks in clear for debugging
_sga_early_trace	0	sga early trace event
_sga_locking	none	sga granule locking state
_shared_io_pool_buf_size	1048576	Shared IO pool buffer size
_shared_io_pool_debug_trc	0	trace kcbi debug info to tracefile
_shared_io_pool_size	0	Size of shared IO pool
_shared_io_set_value	FALSE	shared io pool size set internal value - overwrite zero user size
_shared_iop_max_size	536870912	maximum shared io pool size
_shared_pool_max_size	0	shared pool maximum size when auto SGA enabled
_shared_pool_minsize_on	FALSE	shared pool minimum size when auto SGA enabled
_shared_pool_reserved_min_alloc	4400	minimum allocation size in bytes for reserved area of shared pool
_shared_pool_reserved_pct	5	percentage memory of the shared pool allocated for the reserved area
_shared_server_load_balance	0	shared server load balance
_shared_server_num_queues	2	number of shared server common queues
_shmprotect	0	allow mprotect use for shared memory
_short_stack_timeout_ms	30000	short stack timeout in ms
_show_mgd_recovery_state	FALSE	Show internal managed recovery state
_shrunk_aggs_disable_threshold	60	percentage of exceptions at which to switch to full length aggs
_shrunk_aggs_enabled	TRUE	enable use of variable sized buffers for non-distinct aggregates
_shutdown_completion_timeout_mins	60	minutes for shutdown operation to wait for sessions to complete
_side_channel_batch_size	200	number of messages to batch in a side channel message (DFS)
_side_channel_batch_timeout	6	timeout before shipping out the batched side channelmessages in seconds
_side_channel_batch_timeout_ms	500	timeout before shipping out the batched side channelmessages in milliseconds
_simple_view_merging	TRUE	control simple view merging performed by the optimizer
_simulate_disk_sectorsize	0	Enables skgfr to report simulated disk sector size
_simulate_io_wait	0	Simulate I/O wait to test segment advisor
_simulate_mem_transfer	FALSE	simulate auto memory sga/pga transfers
_simulator_bucket_mindelta	8192	LRU bucket minimum delta
_simulator_internal_bound	10	simulator internal bound percent
_simulator_lru_rebalance_sizthr	5	LRU list rebalance threshold (size)
_simulator_lru_rebalance_thresh	10240	LRU list rebalance threshold (count)
_simulator_lru_scan_count	8	LRU scan count
_simulator_pin_inval_maxcnt	16	maximum count of invalid chunks on pin list
_simulator_reserved_heap_count	4096	simulator reserved heap count
_simulator_reserved_obj_count	1024	simulator reserved object count
_simulator_sampling_factor	2	sampling factor for the simulator
_simulator_upper_bound_multiple	2	upper bound multiple of pool size
_single_process	FALSE	run without detached processes
_siop_flashback_scandepth	20	Shared IO pool flashback io completion scan depth
_siop_perc_of_bc_x100	2500	percentange * 100 of cache to transfer to shared io pool
_sixteenth_spare_parameter		sixteenth spare parameter - string list
_sixth_spare_parameter		sixth spare parameter - integer
_skgxp_ctx_flags1	0	IPC debug options flags (oss)
_skgxp_ctx_flags1mask	0	IPC debug options flags mask (oss)
_skgxp_dynamic_protocol	0	IPC protocol override (!0/-1=*,2=UDP,3=RDS,0x1000=ipc_X)
_skgxp_gen_ant_off_rpc_timeout_in_sec	30	VRPC request timeout when ANT disabled
_skgxp_gen_ant_ping_misscount	3	ANT protocol ping miss count
_skgxp_gen_rpc_no_path_check_in_sec	5	ANT ping protocol miss count
_skgxp_gen_rpc_timeout_in_sec	300	VRPC request timeout when ANT enabled
_skgxp_inets		limit SKGXP networks
_skgxp_min_rpc_rcv_zcpy_len	0	IPC threshold for rpc rcv zcpy operation (default = 0 - disabled)
_skgxp_min_zcpy_len	0	IPC threshold for zcpy operation (default = 0 - disabled)
_skgxp_reaping	1000	tune skgxp OSD reaping limit
_skgxp_rgn_ports	0	region socket limits (0xFFFFNNXX): F=flags, N=min, X=max
_skgxp_spare_param1		ipc oss spare parameter 1
_skgxp_spare_param2		ipc oss spare parameter 2
_skgxp_spare_param3		ipc oss spare parameter 3
_skgxp_spare_param4		ipc oss spare parameter 4
_skgxp_spare_param5		ipc oss spare parameter 5
_skgxp_udp_ach_reaping_time	120	time in minutes before idle ach's are reaped
_skgxp_udp_ack_delay	0	Enables delayed acks
_skgxp_udp_enable_dynamic_credit_mgmt	0	Enables dynamic credit management
_skgxp_udp_hiwat_warn	1000	ach hiwat mark warning interval
_skgxp_udp_interface_detection_time_secs	60	time in seconds between interface detection checks
_skgxp_udp_keep_alive_ping_timer_secs	300	connection idle time in seconds before keep alive is initiated. min: 30 sec max: 1800 sec default: 300 sec
_skgxp_udp_lmp_mtusize	0	MTU size for UDP LMP testing
_skgxp_udp_lmp_on	FALSE	enable UDP long message protection
_skgxp_udp_timed_wait_buffering	1024	diagnostic log buffering space (in bytes) for timed wait (0 means unbufferd
_skgxp_udp_timed_wait_seconds	5	time in seconds before timed wait is invoked
_skgxp_udp_use_tcb	TRUE	disable use of high speek timer
_skgxp_zcpy_flags	0	IPC zcpy options flags
_skgxpg_last_parameter	26	last defined skgxpg parameter - oss
_skip_assume_msg	TRUE	if TRUE, skip assume message for consigns at the master
_skip_trstamp_check	FALSE	Skip terminal recovery stamp check
_slave_mapping_enabled	TRUE	enable slave mapping when TRUE
_slave_mapping_group_size	0	force the number of slave group in a slave mapper
_slave_mapping_skew_ratio	2	maximum skew before slave mapping is disabled
_small_table_threshold	26460	lower threshold level of table size for direct reads
_smm_advice_enabled	TRUE	if TRUE, enable v$pga_advice
_smm_advice_log_size	0	overwrites default size of the PGA advice workarea history log
_smm_auto_cost_enabled	TRUE	if TRUE, use the AUTO size policy cost functions
_smm_auto_max_io_size	248	Maximum IO size (in KB) used by sort/hash-join in auto mode
_smm_auto_min_io_size	56	Minimum IO size (in KB) used by sort/hash-join in auto mode
_smm_bound	0	overwrites memory manager automatically computed bound
_smm_control	0	provides controls on the memory manager
_smm_freeable_retain	5120	value in KB of the instance freeable PGA memory to retain
_smm_isort_cap	102400	maximum work area for insertion sort(v1)
_smm_max_size	734000	maximum work area size in auto mode (serial)
_smm_min_size	1024	minimum work area size in auto mode
_smm_px_max_size	3670016	maximum work area size in auto mode (global)
_smm_retain_size	0	work area retain size in SGA for shared server sessions (0 for AUTO)
_smm_trace	0	Turn on/off tracing for SQL memory manager
_smon_internal_errlimit	100	limit of SMON internal errors
_smon_undo_seg_rescan_limit	10	limit of SMON continous undo segments re-scan
_smu_debug_mode	0	- set debug event for testing SMU operations
_smu_error_simulation_site	0	site ID of error simulation in KTU code
_smu_error_simulation_type	0	error type for error simulation in KTU code
_smu_timeouts		comma-separated *AND double-quoted* list of AUM timeouts: mql, tur, sess_exprn, qry_exprn, slot_intvl
_sort_elimination_cost_ratio	0	cost ratio for sort eimination under first_rows mode
_sort_multiblock_read_count	2	multi-block read count for sort
_sort_spill_threshold	0	force sort to spill to disk each time this many rows are received
_space_align_size	1048576	space align size
_spare_test_parameter	0	Spare test parameter
_spawn_diag_opts	0	thread spawn diagnostic options
_spawn_diag_thresh_secs	30	thread spawn diagnostic minimal threshold in seconds
_spin_count	2000	Amount to spin waiting for a latch
_spr_max_rules	10000	maximum number of rules in sql spreadsheet
_spr_push_pred_refspr	TRUE	push predicates through reference spreadsheet
_spr_use_AW_AS	TRUE	enable AW for hash table in spreadsheet
_spr_use_hash_table	FALSE	use hash table for spreadsheet
_sql_analyze_enable_auto_txn	FALSE	SQL Analyze Autonomous Transaction control parameter
_sql_analyze_parse_model	2	SQL Analyze Parse Model control parameter
_sql_compatibility	0	sql compatability bit vector
_sql_connect_capability_override	0	SQL Connect Capability Table Override
_sql_connect_capability_table		SQL Connect Capability Table (testing only)
_sql_hash_debug	0	Hash value of the SQL statement to debug
_sql_model_unfold_forloops	RUN_TIME	specifies compile-time unfolding of sql model forloops
_sql_ncg_mode	OFF	Optimization mode for SQL NCG
_sql_plan_management_control	0	controls various internal SQL Plan Management algorithms
_sqlexec_progression_cost	1000	sql execution progression monitoring cost threshold
_sqlmon_binds_xml_format	default	format of column binds_xml in [G]V$SQL_MONITOR
_sqlmon_max_plan	320	Maximum number of plans entry that can be monitored. Defaults to 20 per CPU
_sqlmon_max_planlines	300	Number of plan lines beyond which a plan cannot be monitored
_sqlmon_recycle_time	60	Minimum time (in s) to wait before a plan entry can be recycled
_sqlmon_threshold	5	CPU/IO time threshold before a statement is monitored. 0 is disabled
_sqltune_category_parsed	DEFAULT	Parsed category qualifier for applying hintsets
_srvntfn_job_deq_timeout	60	srvntfn job deq timeout
_srvntfn_jobsubmit_interval	3	srvntfn job submit interval
_srvntfn_max_concurrent_jobs	20	srvntfn max concurrent jobs
_srvntfn_q_msgcount	50	srvntfn q msg count for job exit
_srvntfn_q_msgcount_inc	100	srvntfn q msg count increase for job submit
_sscr_dir		Session State Capture and Restore DIRectory object
_sscr_osdir		Session State Capture and Restore OS DIRectory
_sta_control	0	SQL Tuning Advisory control parameter
_stack_guard_level	0	stack guard level
_standby_causal_heartbeat_timeout	2	readable standby causal heartbeat timeout
_standby_flush_mode	SLFLUSH	standby flush mode
_standby_implicit_rcv_timeout	1	minutes to wait for redo during standby implicit recovery
_standby_switchover_timeout	120	Number of secords for standby switchover enqueue timeout
_static_backgrounds		static backgrounds
_statistics_based_srf_enabled	TRUE	enable/disable the use of statistics for storage reduction factor
_step_down_limit_in_pct	1	step down limit in percentage
_streams_pool_max_size	0	streams pool maximum size when auto SGA enabled
_subquery_pruning_cost_factor	20	subquery pruning cost factor
_subquery_pruning_enabled	TRUE	enable the use of subquery predicates to perform pruning
_subquery_pruning_mv_enabled	FALSE	enable the use of subquery predicates with MVs to perform pruning
_subquery_pruning_reduction	50	subquery pruning reduction factor
_switchover_to_standby_option	OPEN_ONE	option for graceful switchover to standby
_switchover_to_standby_switch_log	TRUE	Switchover to standby switches log for open redo threads
_swrf_metric_frequent_mode	FALSE	Enable/disable SWRF Metric Frequent Mode Collection
_swrf_mmon_dbfus	TRUE	Enable/disable SWRF MMON DB Feature Usage
_swrf_mmon_flush	TRUE	Enable/disable SWRF MMON FLushing
_swrf_mmon_metrics	TRUE	Enable/disable SWRF MMON Metrics Collection
_swrf_on_disk_enabled	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable SWRF
_swrf_test_action	0	test action parameter for SWRF
_swrf_test_dbfus	FALSE	Enable/disable DB Feature Usage Testing
_sync_primary_wait_time	5	wait time for alter session sync with primary
_synonym_repoint_tracing	FALSE	whether to trace metadata comparisons for synonym repointing
_sysaux_test_param	1	test parameter for SYSAUX
_system_api_interception_debug	FALSE	enable debug tracing for system api interception
_system_index_caching	0	optimizer percent system index caching
_system_trig_enabled	TRUE	are system triggers enabled
_ta_lns_wait_for_arch_log	20	LNS Wait time for arhcived version of online log
_table_lookup_prefetch_size	40	table lookup prefetch vector size
_table_lookup_prefetch_thresh	2	table lookup prefetch threshold
_table_scan_cost_plus_one	TRUE	bump estimated full table scan and index ffs cost by one
_tablespaces_per_transaction	10	estimated number of tablespaces manipulated by each transaction
_target_rba_max_lag_percentage	81	target rba max log lag percentage
_tdb_debug_mode	16	set debug mode for testing transportable database
_temp_tran_block_threshold	100	number of blocks for a dimension before we temp transform
_temp_tran_cache	TRUE	determines if temp table is created with cache option
_tenth_spare_parameter		tenth spare parameter - integer
_test_ksusigskip	5	test the function ksusigskip
_test_param_1	25	test parmeter 1 - integer
_test_param_2		test parameter 2 - string
_test_param_3		test parameter 3 - string
_test_param_4		test parameter 4 - string list
_test_param_5	25	test parmeter 5 - deprecated integer
_test_param_6	0	test parmeter 6 - size (ub8)
_third_spare_parameter		third spare parameter - integer
_thirteenth_spare_parameter		thirteenth spare parameter - string
_threshold_alerts_enable	1	if 1, issue threshold-based alerts
_timemodel_collection	TRUE	enable timemodel collection
_timeout_actions_enabled	TRUE	enables or disables KSU timeout actions
_timer_precision	10	VKTM timer precision in milli-sec
_total_large_extent_memory	0	Total memory for allocating large extents
_tq_dump_period	0	time period for duping of TQ statistics (s)
_trace_buffer_wait_timeouts	0	trace buffer busy wait timeouts
_trace_buffers	ALL:256	trace buffer sizes per process
_trace_dump_all_procs	FALSE	if TRUE on error buckets of all processes will be dumped to the current trace file
_trace_dump_client_buckets	TRUE	if TRUE dump client (ie. non-kst) buckets
_trace_dump_cur_proc_only	FALSE	if TRUE on error just dump our process bucket
_trace_dump_static_only	FALSE	if TRUE filter trace dumps to always loaded dlls
_trace_events		trace events enabled at startup
_trace_files_public	FALSE	Create publicly accessible trace files
_trace_kqlidp	FALSE	trace kqlidp0 operation
_trace_navigation_scope	global	enabling trace navigation linking
_trace_pin_time	0	trace how long a current pin is held
_trace_pool_size		trace pool size in bytes
_trace_processes	ALL	enable KST tracing in process
_trace_virtual_columns	FALSE	trace virtual columns exprs
_transaction_auditing	TRUE	transaction auditing records generated in the redo log
_transaction_recovery_servers	0	max number of parallel recovery slaves that may be used
_transient_logical_clear_hold_mrp_bit	FALSE	clear KCCDI2HMRP flag during standby recovery
_truncate_optimization_enabled	TRUE	do truncate optimization if set to TRUE
_tsenc_tracing	0	Enable TS encryption tracing
_tsm_connect_string		TSM test connect string
_tsm_disable_auto_cleanup	1	Disable TSM auto cleanup actions
_tstz_localtime_bypass	FALSE	Should TTC not convert to LocalTime to preserve Timestamp with Timezone values
_tts_allow_charset_mismatch	FALSE	allow plugging in a tablespace with an incompatible character set
_twelfth_spare_parameter		twelfth spare parameter - string
_twentieth_spare_parameter		twentieth spare parameter - string list
_two_pass	TRUE	enable two-pass thread recovery
_two_pass_reverse_polish_enabled	TRUE	uses two-pass reverse polish alg. to generate canonical forms
_uga_cga_large_extent_size	262144	UGA/CGA large extent size
_ultrafast_latch_statistics	TRUE	maintain fast-path statistics for ultrafast latches
_undo_autotune	TRUE	enable auto tuning of undo_retention
_undo_block_compression	TRUE	enable undo block compression
_undo_debug_mode	0	debug flag for undo related operations
_undo_debug_usage	0	invoke undo usage functions for testing
_union_rewrite_for_gs	YES_GSET_MVS	expand queries with GSets into UNIONs for rewrite
_unnest_subquery	TRUE	enables unnesting of complex subqueries
_unused_block_compression	TRUE	enable unused block compression
_update_datafile_headers_with_space_information	FALSE	user requested update of datafile headers of locally managed datafiles with space information
_use_adaptive_log_file_sync	TRUE	Adaptively switch between post/wait and polling
_use_best_fit	FALSE	use best fit to allocate space
_use_column_stats_for_function	TRUE	enable the use of column statistics for DDP functions
_use_hybrid_encryption_mode	FALSE	Enable platform optimized encryption in hybrid mode
_use_ism	TRUE	Enable Shared Page Tables - ISM
_use_ism_for_pga	TRUE	Use ISM for allocating large extents
_use_nosegment_indexes	FALSE	use nosegment indexes in explain plan
_use_platform_compression_lib	FALSE	Enable platform optimized compression implementation
_use_platform_encryption_lib	TRUE	Enable platform optimized encryption implementation
_use_realfree_heap	TRUE	use real-free based allocator for PGA memory
_use_seq_process_cache	TRUE	whether to use process local seq cache
_use_vector_post	TRUE	use vector post
_use_zero_copy_io	TRUE	Should network vector IO interface be used for data transfer
_validate_flashback_database	FALSE	Scan database to validate result of flashback database
_validate_readmem_redo	OFF	validate redo blocks read from in-memory log buffer
_vendor_lib_loc		Vendor library search root directory
_verify_fg_log_checksum	FALSE	LGWR verifies redo checksums generated by foreground processes
_verify_flashback_redo	TRUE	Verify that the redo logs needed for flashback are available
_verify_undo_quota	FALSE	TRUE - verify consistency of undo quota statistics
_very_large_object_threshold	500	upper threshold level of object size for direct reads
_very_large_partitioned_table	1024	very_large_partitioned_table
_virtual_column_overload_allowed	TRUE	overload virtual columns expression
_vkrm_schedule_interval	10	VKRM scheduling interval
_vktm_assert_thresh	30	soft assert threshold VKTM timer drift
_wait_breakup_threshold_csecs	600	Wait breakup threshold (in centiseconds)
_wait_breakup_time_csecs	300	Wait breakup time (in centiseconds)
_wait_for_sync	TRUE	wait for sync on commit MUST BE ALWAYS TRUE
_wait_samples_max_sections	40	Wait Samples maximum sections
_wait_samples_max_time_secs	120	Wait Samples maximum time in seconds
_wait_tracker_interval_secs	10	Wait Tracker number of seconds per interval
_wait_tracker_num_intervals	0	Wait Tracker number of intervals
_wait_yield_hp_mode	yield	Wait Yield - High Priority Mode
_wait_yield_mode	yield	Wait Yield - Mode
_wait_yield_sleep_freq	100	Wait Yield - Sleep Frequency
_wait_yield_sleep_time_msecs	1	Wait Yield - Sleep Time (in milliseconds)
_wait_yield_yield_freq	20	Wait Yield - Yield Frequency
_walk_insert_threshold	0	maximum number of unusable blocks to walk across freelist
_watchpoint_on	FALSE	is the watchpointing feature turned on?
_wcr_control	0	Oracle internal test WCR parameter used ONLY for testing!
_windowfunc_optimization_settings	0	settings for window function optimizations
_with_subquery	OPTIMIZER	WITH subquery transformation
_write_clones	3	write clones flag
_xengem_devname	DEFAULT	override default VM GEM device name used by skgvm
_xengem_diagmode	OFF	set to OFF to disable VM GEM support and functionalities
_xengem_enabled	TRUE	Enable OVM GEM support
_xpl_peeked_binds_log_size	8192	maximum bytes for logging peeked bind values for V$SQL_PLAN (0 = OFF)
_xpl_trace	0	Explain Plan tracing parameter
_xsolapi_auto_materialization_bound	20	OLAP API lower bound for auto materialization.
_xsolapi_auto_materialization_type	PRED_AND_RC	OLAP API behavior for auto materialization
_xsolapi_build_trace	FALSE	OLAP API output build info to trace file
_xsolapi_debug_output	SUPPRESS	OLAP API debug output disposition
_xsolapi_densify_cubes	TABULAR	OLAP API cube densification
_xsolapi_dimension_group_creation	OVERFETCH	OLAP API symmetric overfetch
_xsolapi_dml_trace		OLAP API output dml commands and expressions to trace file
_xsolapi_fetch_type	PARTIAL	OLAP API fetch type
_xsolapi_fix_vptrs	TRUE	OLAP API Enable vptr fixing logic in shared server mode
_xsolapi_generate_with_clause	FALSE	OLAP API generates WITH clause?
_xsolapi_hierarchy_value_type	unique	OLAP API hierarchy value type
_xsolapi_load_at_process_start	NEVER	When to load OLAP API library at server process start
_xsolapi_materialization_rowcache_min_rows_for_use	1	OLAP API min number of rows required to use rowcache in query materialization
_xsolapi_materialize_sources	TRUE	OLAP API Enable source materialization
_xsolapi_metadata_reader_mode	DEFAULT	OLAP API metadata reader mode
_xsolapi_odbo_mode	FALSE	OLAP API uses ODBO mode?
_xsolapi_opt_aw_position	TRUE	OLAP API enables AW position and count optimization?
_xsolapi_optimize_suppression	TRUE	OLAP API optimizes suppressions?
_xsolapi_precompute_subquery	TRUE	OLAP API precomputes subqueries?
_xsolapi_remove_columns_for_materialization	TRUE	OLAP API removes columns for materialization?
_xsolapi_set_nls	TRUE	OLAP API sets NLS?
_xsolapi_share_executors	TRUE	OLAP API share executors?
_xsolapi_source_trace	FALSE	OLAP API output Source definitions to trace file
_xsolapi_sql_all_multi_join_non_base_hints		OLAP API multi-join non-base hints
_xsolapi_sql_all_non_base_hints		OLAP API non-base hints
_xsolapi_sql_auto_dimension_hints	FALSE	OLAP API enable automatic dimension hints
_xsolapi_sql_auto_measure_hints	TRUE	OLAP API enable automatic measure hints
_xsolapi_sql_dimension_hints		OLAP API dimension hints
_xsolapi_sql_enable_aw_join	TRUE	OLAP API enables AW join?
_xsolapi_sql_enable_aw_qdr_merge	TRUE	OLAP API enables AW QDR merge?
_xsolapi_sql_hints		OLAP API generic hints
_xsolapi_sql_measure_hints		OLAP API measure hints
_xsolapi_sql_minus_threshold	1000	OLAP API SQL MINUS threshold
_xsolapi_sql_optimize	TRUE	OLAP API enable optimization
_xsolapi_sql_prepare_stmt_cache_size	16	OLAP API prepare statement cache size
_xsolapi_sql_remove_columns	TRUE	OLAP API enable remove unused columns optimizations
_xsolapi_sql_result_set_cache_size	32	OLAP API result set cache size
_xsolapi_sql_symmetric_predicate	TRUE	OLAP API enable symmetric predicate for dimension groups
_xsolapi_sql_top_dimension_hints		OLAP API top dimension hints
_xsolapi_sql_top_measure_hints		OLAP API top measure hints
_xsolapi_sql_use_bind_variables	TRUE	OLAP API enable bind variables optimization
_xsolapi_stringify_order_levels	FALSE	OLAP API stringifies order levels?
_xsolapi_support_mtm	FALSE	OLAP API MTM mapping classes supported?
_xsolapi_suppression_aw_mask_threshold	1000	OLAP API suppression AW mask threshold
_xsolapi_suppression_chunk_size	4000	OLAP API suppression chunk size
_xsolapi_use_models	TRUE	OLAP API uses models?
_xsolapi_use_olap_dml	TRUE	OLAP API uses OLAP DML?
_xsolapi_use_olap_dml_for_rank	TRUE	OLAP API uses OLAP DML for rank?
_xt_coverage	none	external tables code coverage parameter
_xt_trace	none	external tables trace parameter
_xtbuffer_size	0	buffer size in KB needed for populate/query operation
_xtts_allow_pre10	FALSE	allow cross platform for pre10 compatible tablespace
_xtts_set_platform_info	FALSE	set cross platform info during file header read